语法重点之三：动词不定式

语法重点之三：动词不定式（精选5篇）

语法重点之三：动词不定式 第1篇

不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。

1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。例如：

to complete the 30storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.

to do that implies taking responsibility.

当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。例如：

it is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.

it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：

a) it is+形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)+( for/of sb.)+不定式

it is essential to reserve a table in advance of christmas eve.

it is hard to put my hopessintoswords.

it is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.

it is important for us young people to learn english and master it.

b) it is+名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one’s duty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...)+不定式

it is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.

it is a pity to have to go without her.

it is a glorious death to die for the people.

c) it takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience...)+不定式

it takes me three hours to learn english each day.

it took them half the night to get home in the snow.

2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。

the most important thing for one’s health is to have plenty of exercise.

my chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.

the purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.

what i wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.

3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语： afford, agree, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, consent, demand, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, hesitate, hate, intend, learn, like, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, seek, tend, threaten, want等。

i like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.

my mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels tired.i decide to work hard and get doctor’s degree.

the room is designed to be my study, but now it has to be used as a bedroom for the children.

she failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was worried about it.

4)常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：know, see, decide, tell,ask, consider, discover, explain, findout, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, observe, perceive, remember, think, understand, wonder等。

i couldn’t decide which book to choose.

i can tell youswheresto get this book.

they found it hard to decide whether to go swimming next sunday or to visit aunt sally in new year.

“wh-word+不定式”结构除了作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语或者表语。

when to start the program remains undecided. the question is how to put the plansintospractice.

5)不定式作状语

a)不定式作状语表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后，来强调这种目的。

to learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking efforts.

mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.

we must develop science and technology at high speed so as to raise scientific and cultural level of our country.

insgroupsto get a high mark in band 4, he did a lot of exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension.

b)不定式表示结果，特别是在so...as to, such...as to, only to...以及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。

i rushed to the station as fast as i could, only to find the train already gone.

she left her hometown with her beloved man, never to return.no one is too old to learn.

would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me?

c)不定式常用来修饰形容词，构成下列词组：be able to, be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to, be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。

chinese team is bound to win the world cup.

it is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.

i am willing to help you with your homework, for we are friends.

6)不定式作宾语补语不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable, encourage, expect, feel, force, find, hear, have, inform, invite, let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, request, teach, tell, urge, watch, warn, watch等。

because of the complexity of the modern equipments, most offices require secretaries to have specified training.

he asked you to call him at ten o’clock.

the note reminds me to be careful whatever i do.

i’d never allow my children to behave like that.

当不定式在let, make, have, hear, look at, listen to, feel, observe, watch, notice, perceive(感觉到)等动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带to.

whenever something is wrong with you, please do let me know.

i will have the students write a passage about internet.

i saw my mother shed tears at the news that the neighbor girl got seriously hurt in a car accident.

it seemed so long before he heard the stone hit the water.

7)不定式作主补带有宾语及宾语补足语结构的动词变为被动语态时，原来的宾语变为主语，宾补则变为主补。加主补的动词主要有：assume, believe, know, report, say, suppose等。

mr. brown is said to have left for italy last week.(it is said that mr. brown left for italy last week.)

persons have been said to climb on roofs, solve mathematical problems, compose music, walk through windows and commit murder in their sleep.

he is reported to have won the 100meter running race in the olympic games.

8)不定式作定语

a)不定式作定语通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。

不定式常作下列的名词定语：attempt, ability, anything, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, tendency, time, way等。

his efforts to carry out the plan were successful.i have no intention to go to the cinema with you.

there is no need to bother him with such trifles.

there is a tendency to writer quite long sentences in commercial correspondence.

b)由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。

mr. zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office and the last man to leave.i don’t think he is the best one to do the work.

9)不带to的不定式在下列词组后面的不定式不带to：would rather ...than(宁愿……也不), had better...(最好)，can’t help but...(不得不), had rather...(宁愿)，cannot but...(不得不，必然)，may/might as well...(不妨)，let alone(更不用说)。

you’d better return the books to the library on time. otherwise, you will be fined.

i can’t help but wish that nothing would go wrong.

they had never seen such delicious food, let alone eat it.

语法重点之三：动词不定式 第2篇

1．定义：具有名词、形容词及副词性质并具有时态、语态变化。

2．形式：（以do为例）

主动语态

被动语态 一般时

to do

to be done 进行时

to be doing 完成时

to have done

to have been done 完成进行时

to have been doing

3．用法：

（1）用作主语：

To speak good English is not easy.or: It is not easy to speak good English.（采用形式主语 it 以避免头重脚轻）It took me an hour to do the work.（2）用作宾语：

She decided to take the examination.I hope to meet him soon.（3）宾语补足语：

They expected us to help them.Hewants his son to study hard.金牌重点：

不定式作宾补，如谓语动词是感官动词，使役性动词（see, hear, notice, watch, make, have, let...），则不定式符号“to”须省略，但在被动语态中不能省。I heard them sing in the classroom.I made her clean the room.The girl is heard to sing an English song.（4）用作表语： To teach is to learn.His job is to sell cars.（5）用作状语，表示目的，结果：

We come to school to study English.（目的）

= in order to I hurried to the store, only to find it closed.（结果）

（6）定语：不定式短语作定语须位于名词之后。He asked for a piece of paper to write it on.= to write it on the piece of paper.The poor man has no house to live in.= to live in the house.Have you anything to do?

= to do anything

4．不定式的时态意义：

She seems to dance very well.（现在情况）

She seems to be dancing in the dancing hall.（正在进行）She seems to have danced well.（过去情况）

Has was happy to have been staying with his uncle.（动作持续一段时间）

5．不定式语态：

The doctor [wrecommend]recommended[/w] him to air the room.The doctor recommended the room to be aired.She expects the police to find her bicycle.She expects her bicycle to be found by the police.She felt a bit puzzled as he had asked her such a question.She felt a bit puzzled to have been asked such a question.6．不定式否定形式：not to do...He got up early in order not to miss the train.测试精编

1.Did you find out ________ the pie out of oven? A.to take

B.have taken

C.when to take

D.being taken

2.You would be irritated if you watched the mail ________ on your desk every day.A.putting up

B.to be put up

C.to pile up

D.pile up

3.We shall set Jim ________ the passage.A.explaining

B.explained

C.to explain

D.explain

4.In fact, she would rather leave for San Francisco ________ in Los Angeles.A.tostay

B.than stay

C.than staying

D.than have stayed

5.Madame Curies is believed ________ the radium.A.discovering

B.having discovered

C.to have discovered

D.to discover

（后设答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*)嘻嘻„„）

KEYS

1.C

2.D

3.C

4.B

语法重点之三：动词不定式 第3篇

摘要：初中英语语法中，动词不定式（infinitive）是一个重要的语法知识点，也是中考的必考考点之一。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语；但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。

关键词：动词不定式 特征 用法 疑问不定式

在英语中，动词有限定性动词和非限定性动词两种，非限定性动词(verbal)有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种。限定性动词在句子中可以单独作谓语动词，非限定动词在句子中不能单独作谓语动词。动词不定式（infinitive）是一种非限定动词，由动词不定式符号to加动词原形构成。下面我们来谈谈动词不定式的特征以

及动词不定式的用法。

一、动词不定式的特征

1.如果动词不定式是及物的，须带宾语。如：He wanst to stduy French.动词不定式tostduy后面有宾语French)

2.动词不定式可以被状语修饰.如:He wanst to stduy French well.

3.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，即不受主语的人称和单、复数的限定或影响.如:Marci seems to know everything

4.其否定形式是在不定式符号to前面加not. I decided not to work in this factory any longer.

5.不定式的逻辑主语常用or或of结构引出。如：For a child to have his own free time is very necessary.

二、动词不定式的用法

动词不等式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它在句子中可以主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。

（一）不定式作主语

1.To learn out of the window is dangerous(把身子伸出窗外是危险的)

2.To die for the people is a glorious death!(为人民而死，虽死犹荣)

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将动词不定式结构放在系表结构（be+adj.）的后面，主要是为了保持句子的平衡。“Itis+形容词+动词不定式短语.”是英语中的一个常用句型，要注意使用。例如上面的例子可以用it作形式主语It is dangerous to learn out of the window(把身子伸出窗外是危险的)

Its so nice to hear your voice.（听到你的声音真兴奋。）

Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

（不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。）

Its very kind of you to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.（他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。）

（二）不定式作表语

不定式放在be动词后面作表语。例如：

My work is to clean the room every day.（我的工作是天天清扫房间。）His dream is to be a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。

（三）动词不定式作宾语

动词不定式具有名词特征，常见动词有：begin（开始），decide（决定），hate（憎恨），like（喜欢），love（喜爱），refer（宁愿），start（开始），want（想要），wish（希望）等。例如：He began to learn English at the age of thirteen.（他十三岁时开始学习英语的。）She decided to leave here at once（她决定立即离开这里。）

另外注意省略“to”的动词不定式情况

1.作感官动词see，watch，hear，feel，notice等的宾语补足语时。如：

We felt the house shake.我们感到房屋摇晃。

2.作使役动词make，let，have等的宾语补足语时。如：

She lets us meet her at the station.她让我们去车站接她。

3.help后的宾语补足语前可带to也可不带to.如：

She helped her mother（to）prepare for Christmas.She helped her mother（to）prepare for Christmas.她帮助她母亲为圣诞节做准备。

（四）不定式作定语

不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。例如：

I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。

There was nothing to bring home that morning.那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。

(五)不定式作状语

1.作目的状语

常用结构为todo,only to do（仅仅为了）,in order to do,so as to do,so（such）…as to…（如此…以便…）。例如：

He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你离别。

2.作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。

I awoke to find my truck gone.我醒来发现箱子不见了。）

3.表原因Im glad to see you.见到你很兴奋

三、“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构

疑问词what，which，how，where，when等可以和动词不定式连用，构成不定式短语。“疑问词＋动词不定式”可以作主语、宾语、表语等。如：

When to start off hasnt been decided yet.什么时候出发还没决定。（作主语）The question is which bus to take.问题是乘哪辆公共汽车。（作表语）“疑问词＋动词不定式”可以由名词从句简化而来。如：I dont know what I should say.→I dont know what to say.

参考文献:

英语高考非谓语动词重点语法 第4篇

1. 不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。

To learn a foreign language is difficult .(作主语)

学会一门外语是很难的。

It’s easy to see their aunt.(作真正主语，it做形式主语)

很容易见到他们的姑姑。

Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.(作宾语)

汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。

His wish is to be a driver.(作表语)

他的愿望是当一名司机。

I have nothing to say.(作定语)

我没有什么可说的。

The teacher told us to do morning exercises . (作宾语补足语)

老师让我们做早操。

They went to see their aunt. (目的状语)

他们去见他们的姑姑。

2. 动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。

Learning English is very difficult .(作主语)

学英语非常困难。

I enjoy dancing.(作动词宾语)

我喜欢跳舞。

I have got used to living in the country.(作介词宾语)

我已经习惯了住农村。

His job is driving a bus.(作表语)

他的工作是开车。

3. 现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。

The story is interesting.

这个故事有趣。

He sat there，reading a newspaper.(作状语)

他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。

The area being studied may be rich in coal.(作定语)

这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。

He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.(作宾补)

他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。

4. 过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。

He is interested in the news.(作表语)

他对这则消息很感兴趣。

polluted river(做定语)

被污染的河流

Given more time,I can do my work better.(做状语)

如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。

I found my watch stolen.(做宾补)

我发现我的手表被偷了。

非谓语动词重、疑、难点

1. 须用省去to 的不定式(do)作宾补的11个动词。

五看(see、watch、notice、observe、look at)

两听(hear、listen to)

三使(make、let、have)

一感觉(feel)

根据谐音记忆法，我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感觉”。

I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.

昨天，我看到一只大鸟飞过了屋顶。

注意：以上11个动词，也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补，但在时间和语态上会有变化，我们以see为例来区分一下。

see sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事

see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事

see sb./sth. done 看到某人/某物被......

I see him make the phone call. 我看到他打了电话。(他打电话的整个动作我都看见了)

I see him making a phone call. 我看到他正在打电话。(强调看到他正在打电话,并没有看见全过程.)

We often see him surrounded by much work. 我们常常看见他被大量的工作包围着.

2. 只接不定式(不能接动名词)作宾语的25个常用动词

want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse

3. 只接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词

practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、mind、miss、permit、prohibit

4. 既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8个动词

remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)

remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)

forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)

forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)

regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(未做)

regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)

try to do sth. 努力做某事

try doing sth. 尝试做某事

mean to do sth. 计划做某事

mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事

can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事

go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事

go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事

stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事

stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情

5. 所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语，如to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done 和 having been done。

非谓语动词打的解题步骤

1. 判断非谓语动作的逻辑主语，以此来确定它表示主动含义还是被动含义。

①非谓动词做定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。

②非谓语动作做状语时，其逻辑主语是句子主语。

③非谓语动作做宾补时，其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。

2. 判断非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后关系。

和谓语动作同时发生表示进行，应用以上提到的进行式(to be doing和doing);发生在谓语动作之后表示将来，应用(to do和to be done);发生在谓语动作之前表示完成,应用(to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done、having been done和done)。

例如下面几题：

(1)_____ all my money on the car, I can’t afford a holiday with my friend this summer.

A. Spending

B. Spend

C. To spend

D. Having spent

【答案与解析】D “已经花了所有的钱买车”做时间状语，所以其逻辑主语应是句子主语“我”。“我”与“花钱”之间应该是主动关系，并且“花钱”发生在谓语动作“can’t afford a holiday”之前，所以非谓语动词应用主动和完成的含义，故选“D”。

(2)An exercise method to improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States.

A. designing

B. designed

C. to be designed

D. being designed

【答案与解析】B “设计”在这里是定语，修饰其前的“an exercise method”，所以其逻辑主语应该是它的被修饰词“an exercise method”，所以表被动。因为“设计”这个动词在这里本身已经完成，所以应用表示被动完成含义的designed。

(3)Open your heart, and you’ll make yourself better ______.

A. known

B. knowing

C. to know

D. know

【答案与解析】A ”知道，了解“在这里做宾补，所以其逻辑主语是其前的宾语”yourself“，”yourself“和”知道，了解“在这里是被动关系，所以选择过去分词”known“。

语法重点之三：动词不定式 第5篇

【押题依据】动词短语是历年高考考查的一个热点，每年必考。在每年的单项填空题15道题中至少有一道题测试动词短语。设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。动词短语考查面广，灵活度强，在历年高考题拟题中倍受青睐。

[押题1]Some of the students have already learned enough English to ____ a conversation with a native English speaker.

A. hold on B. keep on C. go on D. carry on

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是不仅要理解供选择的四个动词短语的意义，而且要结合题干中的名词与动词短语的关系来进行判断选择。

【答案解析】选项A、B、C三个动词短语都表示“继续”之意，与题干中名词a conversation with a native English speaker构成短语，不符句意。答案D。

[押题2] You’d better fly somewhere in the west. Then you can ____ a hire car and travel around.

A. take up B. get on C. pick up D. turn on

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据所给动词短语的意思，结合题干句作出正确选择。

【答案解析】take up开始学，从事，占去； get on 上车，相处,进展； pick up 拾起，学会，收听到，搭车；turn on打开。根据句子意思，应选择pick up，搭乘出租车。答案C。

[押题3]We’ve invited Mr and Mrs Brown to dinner. But we’ll have to because of the baby’s sickness.

A. took up B. made up C. gave up D. put off

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是注意区别give up与put off的差异。

【答案解析】根据句子意思，首先排除选项A开始学，从事，占去；B组成，构成；而选项C（give up放弃）强调主观意义，不符句子意思，故应选put off（推迟）。答案D。

[押题4]They have most carefully the time and money needed to complete the project.

A. picked out B. left out C. figured out D. taken out

【解题关键】 由于选项B、C两个动词短语为不常见短语，意义生疏，故解题时必须根据题干句子意思进行排除选择。

【答案解析】pick out挑出，选出； leave out 漏掉；figure out算出； take out拿出，取出。根据句子意思：他们十分仔细地算出了完成工程所需要的钱和时间，故应选figure out。答案C。

[押题5]The actress who had been thought highly of to be a great disappointment.

A. turned up B. turned out C. turned down D. turned in

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是理解句意：区别四个由动词turn所构成的短语意义，作出正确选择。

【答案解析】turn up调大（音量），出现；turn out结果是，证明是，生产，制造； turn down调低，拒绝；turn in交上去。答案B。

[押题6]-It’s a good idea. But who’s going to ____the plan?

-I think Tom and Mike will.

A. carry out B. get through C. take in D. set aside

【解题关键】该题提供的四个短语意义较广，解答该题的关键必须结合句子意思进行排除从而得出正确答案。

【答案解析】carry out执行，实行；get through完成，度过，通过；take in吸收，领会； set aside不理会，搁置。根据句子的意思：这是一个好主意，但谁去执行这个计划呢？故选carry out。答案A。

[押题7]Most people didn’t accept the theory when it was first ____.

A. set about B. set off C. put forward D. put out

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是结合句子的意思将短语代入，采用排除法进行选择，注意句子的意思与选项动词短语的意义一致。

【答案解析】set about 着手；set off出发，激发； put forward提出； put out扑灭。句意为：当这个理论最初被提出时，绝大多数人不能接受。故选put forward。答案C。

[押题8] Without proper lessons, you could ____ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.

A. give up B. catch up C. keep up D. pick up

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意短语pick up的意义及题干句意的理解。

【答案解析】give up放弃；catch up赶上； keep up维持； pick up学会，搭车，拾起，收听到，无意中得到。根据句子的意思：如果没有正确的指导，弹钢琴时就会染上许多坏习惯。答案D。