常用英语范文第1篇
The Cop and the Anthemby O 。Henry
On his bench in Madison Square Soapy moved uneasily. When wild goose honk high of nights, and when women without sealskin coats grow kind to their husbands, and when Soapy moves uneasily on his bench in the park, you may know that winter is near at hand.
A dead leaf fell in Soapy’s lap. That was Jack Frost’s card. Jack is kind to the regular denizens of Madison Square, and gives fair warning of his annual call. At the corners of four streets he hands his pasteboard to the North Wind, footman of the mansion of All Outdoors, so that the inhabitants thereof may make ready.
Soapy’s mind became cognisant of the fact that the time had come for him to resolve himself into a singular Committee of Ways and Means to provide against the coming rigour. And therefore he moved uneasily on his bench.
The hibernatorial ambitions of Soapy were not of the highest. In them were no considerations of Mediterranean cruises, of soporific Southern skies or drifting in the Vesuvian Bay. Three months on the Island was what his soul craved. Three months of assured board and bed and congenial company, safe from Boreas and bluecoats, seemed to Soapy the essence of things desirable.
For years the hospitable Blackwell’s had been his winter quarters. Just as his more fortunate fellow New Yorkers had bought their tickets to Palm Beach and the Riviera each winter, so Soapy had made his humble arrangements for his annual hegira to the Island. And now the time was come. On the previous night three Sabbath newspapers, distributed beneath his coat, about his ankles and over his lap, had failed to repulse the cold as he slept on his bench near the spurting fountain in the ancient square. So the Island loomed large and timely in Soapy’s mind. He scorned the provisions made in the name of charity for the city’s dependents. In Soapy’s opinion the Law was more benign than Philanthropy. There was an endless round of institutions, municipal and eleemosynary, on which he might set out and receive lodging and food accordant with the simple life. But to one of Soapy’s proud spirit the gifts of charity are encumbered. If not in coin you must pay in humiliation of spirit for every benefit received at the hands of philanthropy. As Cesar had his Brutus, every bed of charity must have its toll of a bath, every loaf of bread its compensation of a private and personal inquisition. Wherefore it is better to be a guest of the law, which though conducted by rules, does not meddle unduly with a gentleman’s private affairs.
Soapy, having decided to go to the Island, at once set about accomplishing his desire. There were many easy ways of doing this. The pleasantest was to dine luxuriously at some expensive restaurant; and then, after declaring insolvency, be handed over quietly and without uproar to a policeman. An accommodating magistrate would do the rest.
Soapy left his bench and strolled out of the square and across the level sea of asphalt, where Broadway and Fifth Avenue flow together. Up Broadway he turned, and halted at a glittering café, where are gathered together nightly the choicest products of the grape, the silkworm and the protoplasm.
Soapy had confidence in himself from the lowest button of his vest upward. He was shaven, and his coat was decent and his neat black, ready-tied four-in-hand had been presented to him by a lady missionary on Thanksgiving Day. If he could reach a table in the restaurant unsuspected, success would be his. The portion of him that would show above the table would raise no doubt in the waiter’s mind. A roasted mallard duck, thought Soapy, would be about the thing—with a bottle
of Chablis, and then Camembert, a demi-tasse and a cigar. One dollar for the cigar would be enough. The total would not be so high as to call forth any supreme manifestation of revenge from the café management; and yet the meat would leave him filled and happy for the journey to his winter refuge.
But as Soapy set foot inside the restaurant door the head waiter’s eye fell upon his frayed trousers and decadent shoes. Strong and ready hands turned him about and conveyed him in silence and haste to the sidewalk and averted the ignoble fate of the menaced mallard.
Soapy turned off Broadway. It seemed that his route to the coveted island was not to be an epicurean one. Some other way of entering limbo must be thought of.
At a corner of Sixth Avenue electric lights and cunningly displayed wares behind plate-glass made a shop window conspicuous. Soapy took a cobble-stone and dashed it through the glass. People came running round the corner, a policeman in the lead. Soapy stood still, with his hands in his pockets, and smiled at the sight of brass buttons.
“Where’s the man that done that?” inquired the officer excitedly.
“Don’t you figure out that I might have had something to do with it?” said Soapy, not without sarcasm, but friendly, as one greets good fortune.
The policeman’s mind refused to accept Soapy even as a clue. Men who smash windows do not remain to parley with the law’s minions. They take to their heels. The policeman saw a man halfway down the block running to catch a car. With drawn club he joined in the pursuit. Soapy, with disgust in his heart, loafed along, twice unsuccessful.
On the opposite side of the street was a restaurant of no great pretensions. It catered to large appetites and modest purses. Its crockery and atmosphere were thick; its soup and napery thin. Into this place Soapy took his accusive shoes and tell-tale trousers without challenge. At a table he sat and consumed beefsteak, flap-jacks, doughnuts, and pie. And then to the waiter he betrayed the fact that the minutest coin and himself were strangers.
“Now, get busy and call a cop,” said Soapy. “And don’t keep a gentleman waiting.”
“No cop for youse,” said the waiter, with a voice like butter cakes and an eye like the cherry in a Manhattan cocktail. “Hey, Con!”
Neatly upon his left ear on the callous pavement two waiters pitched Soapy. He arose, joint by joint, as a carpenter’s rule opens, and beat the dust from his clothes. Arrest seemed but a rosy dream. The Island seemed very far away. A policeman who stood before a drug store two doors away laughed and walked down the street.
Five blocks Soapy travelled before his courage permitted him to woo capture again. This time the opportunity presented what he fatuously termed to himself a “cinch.” A young woman of a modest and pleasing guise was standing before a show window gazing with sprightly interest at its display of shaving mugs and inkstands, and two yards from the window a large policeman of severe demeanour leaned against a water-plug.
It was Soapy’s design to assume the rule of the despicable and execrated “masher.” The refined and elegant appearance of his victim and the contiguity of the conscientious cop encouraged him to believe that he would soon feel the pleasant official clutch upon his arm that would ensure his winter quarters of the right little, tight little isle.
Soapy straightened the lady missionary’s ready-made tie, dragged his shrinking cuffs into the open, set his hat at a killing cant and sidled toward the young women. He made eyes at her, was taken with sudden coughs and “hems,” smiled, smirked, and went brazenly through the impudent
and contemptible litany of the “masher.” With half an eye Soapy saw that the policeman was watching him fixedly. The young woman moved away a few steps, and again bestowed her absorbed attention upon the shaving mugs. Soapy followed, boldly stepping to her side, raised his hat and said: “Ah there, Bedelia! Don’t you want to come and play in my yard?”
The policeman was still looking. The persecuted young woman had but to beckon a finger and Soapy would be practically en route for his insular haven. Already he imagined he could feel the cosy warmth of the station-house. The young woman faced him and, stretching out a hand, caught Soapy’s coat sleeve.
“Sure, Mike,” she said joyfully, “if you’ll blow me to a pail of suds. I’d have spoke to you sooner, but the cop was watching.”
With the young woman playing the clinging ivy to his oak Soapy walked past the policeman overcome with gloom. He seemed doomed to liberty.
At the next corner he shook off his companion and ran. He halted in the district where by night are found the lightest streets, hearts, vows, and librettos. Women in furs and men in greatcoats moved gaily in the wintry air. A sudden fear seized Soapy that some dreadful enchantment had rendered him immune to arrest. The thought brought a little of panic upon it, and when he came upon another policeman lounging grandly in front of a transplendent theatre he caught at the immediate straw of “disorderly conduct.”
On the sidewalk Soapy began to yell drunken gibberish at the top of his harsh voice. He danced, howled, raved, and otherwise disturbed the welkin.
The policeman twirled his club, turned his back to Soapy and remarked to a citizen: “’Tis one of them Yale lads celebratin’ the goose egg they give to the Hartford College. Noisy; but no harm. We’ve instructions to lave them be.”
Disconsolate, Soapy ceased his unavailing racket. Would never a policeman lay hands on him? In his fancy the Island seemed an unattainable Arcadia. He buttoned his thin coat against the chilling wind.
In a cigar store he saw a well-dressed man lighting a cigar at a swinging light. His silk umbrella he had set by the door on entering. Soapy stepped inside, secured the umbrella and sauntered off with it slowly. The man at the cigar light followed hastily.
“My umbrella,” he said sternly.
“Oh, is it?” sneered Soapy, adding insult to petit larceny. “Well, why don’t you call a policeman? I took it. Your umbrella! Why don’t you call a cop? There stands one on the corner.”The umbrella owner slowed his steps. Soapy did likewise, with a presentiment that luck would run against him. The policeman looked at the two curiously.
“Of course,” said the umbrella man—“that is—well, you know how these mistakes occur—I—if it’s your umbrella I hope you’ll excuse me—I picked it up this morning in a restaurant—If you recognise it as yours, why—I hope you’ll—“
“Of course it’s mine,” said Soapy viciously.
The ex-umbrella man retreated. The policeman hurried to assist a tall blonde in an opera cloak across the street in front of a street car that was approaching two blocks away.
Soapy walked eastward through a street damaged by improvements. He hurled the umbrella wrathfully into an excavation. He muttered against the men who wear helmets and carry clubs. Because he wanted to fall into their clutches, they seemed to regard him as a king who could do no wrong.
At length Soapy reached one of the avenues to the east where the glitter and turmoil was but faint. He set his face down this toward Madison Square, for the homing instinct survives even when the home is a park bench.
But on an unusually quiet corner Soapy came to a standstill. Here was an old church, quaint and rambling and gabled. Through one violet-stained window a soft light glowed, where, no doubt, the organist loitered over the keys, making sure of his mastery of the coming Sabbath anthem. For there drifted out to Soapy’s ears sweet music that caught and held him transfixed against the convolutions of the iron fence.
The moon was above, lustrous and serene; vehicles and pedestrains were few; sparrows twittered sleepily in the eaves—for a little while the scene might have been a country churchyard. And the anthem that the organist played cemented Soapy to the iron fence, for he had known it well in the days when his life contained such things as mothers and roses and ambitions and friends and immaculate thoughts and collars.
The conjunction of Soapy’s receptive state of mind and the influences about the old church wrought a sudden and wonderful change in his soul. He viewed with swift horror the pit into which he had tumbled, the degraded days, unworthy desires, dead hopes, wrecked faculties, and base motives that made up his existence.
And also in a moment his heart responded thrillingly to this novel mood. An instantaneous and strong impulse moved him to battle with his desperate fate. He would pull himself out of the mire; he would make a man of himself again; he would conquer the evil that had taken possession of him. There was time; he was comparatively young yet; he would resurrect his old eager ambitions and pursue them without faltering. Those solemn but sweet organ notes had set up a revolution in him. Tomorrow he would go into the roaring down-town district and find work. A fur importer had once offered him a place as driver. He would find him to-morrow and ask for the position. He would be somebody in the world. He would—
Soapy felt a hand laid on his arm. He looked quickly round into the broad face of a policeman.
“What are you doin’ here?” asked the officer.
“Nothing’,” said Soapy.
“Then come along,” said the policeman.
常用英语范文第2篇
但是，促销不是市场问题“终结者”，而是一把“双刃剑”。促销既能带给商场超市更多的利润，也会带给商场超市很多的无奈，就像明知面前是个泥潭，但是不得不跳下去。毕竟利用商品价格进行促销已经成了商场超市和商场超市之间的最常用武器，无论你的促销是主动的，还是被动的，只有毫不犹豫地往下跳，才有重生的机会。
商场超市创意促销方案
第一章价格 永远的促销利器
第一节价格折扣
方案1 错觉折价——给顾客不一样的感觉
例：“花100元买130元商品”错觉折价等同打七折但却告诉顾客我的是优惠不是折扣货品。
方案2 一刻千金——让顾客蜂拥而至
例：超市“10分钟内所以货品1折”，客户抢购的是有限的，但客流却带来无限的商机。
方案3 超值一元——舍小取大的促销策略
例：“几款价值10元以上的货品以超值一元的活动参加促销”，虽然这几款货品看起来是亏本的，但吸引的顾客却可以以连带销售方式来销售，结果利润是反增不减的。
方案4 临界价格——顾客的视觉错误
例：10元改成9.9元，这是普遍的促销方案。
方案5 阶梯价格——让顾客自动着急
例：“销售初期1-5天全价销售，5-10天降价25%,10-15天降价50%，15-20天降价75%”这个自动降价促销方案是由美国爱德华法宁的商人发明。表面上看似“冒险”的方案，但因为抓住了顾客的心里，对于商场超市来说，顾客是无限的，选择性也是很大的，这个顾客不来，那个顾客就会来。但对于顾客来说，选择性是唯一的，竞争是无限的。自己不去，别人还会去，因此，最后投降的肯定就是顾客。 方案6 降价加打折——给顾客双重实惠
例：“所有光顾本店购买商品的顾客满100元可减10元，并且还可以享受八折优惠”先降价再打折。100元若打6折，损失利润40元;但满100减10元再打8折，损失28元。但力度上双重的实惠会诱使更多的顾客销售。
第二节
方案7 百分之百中奖——把折扣换成奖品
例：将折扣换成了奖品，且百分之百中奖只不过是新瓶装老酒，迎合了老百姓的心里中彩头，而且实实在在的实惠让老百姓得到物质上的满足，双管齐攻收销匪浅。
方案8 “摇钱树“——摇出来的实惠
例：圣诞节购物满38元即可享受“摇树”的机会，每次摇树掉下一个号码牌，每个号码牌都有相应的礼物。让客户感到快乐，顾客才会愿意光顾此店，才会给商场超市带来创收的机会。
喜庆元素，互动元素，实惠元素让顾客乐不思蜀。
方案9 箱箱有礼——喝酒也能赢得礼物
例：此方案涉及的顾客多，且没有门槛要求，所以是最为广泛应用的。
第三节
方案10 退款促销——用时间积累出来的实惠
例：“购物50元基础上，顾客只要讲前6年之内的购物小票送到商场超市收银台，就可以按照促销比例兑换现金。6年一退的，退款比例100%;5年一退的，退款比例是75%;4年一退的，退款比例是50%……”。此方案赚的人气、时间、落差。
方案11 自主定价——强化推销的经营策略
例：5-10元间的货品让顾客定价，双方觉得合适就成交。此方案要注意一定先考虑好商品的价格的浮动范围。给顾客自主价的权利仅仅是一种吸引顾客的方式，这种权利也是相对的。顾客只能在商场超市提供的价格范围内自由定价，这一点是保证商场超市不至于亏本的重要保障。
方案12 超市购物卡——累计出来的优惠
例：购物卡的有点稳定了客源，双赢，广告效应。
第四节变相折扣
方案13 账款规整——让顾客看到实在的实惠
例：55.60元只收55元。虽然看起来“大方”了些，但比打折还是有利润的。
方案14 多买多送——变相折扣
例：注意送的东西比如“参茸产品”可是是“参茸”也是可以是“参茸酒”也可以是“参茸胶囊”。其实赠送的商品是灵活的。
方案15 组合销售——一次性的优惠
例：将同等属性的货品进行组合销售提高利润。
方案16 加量不加价——给顾客更多一点
例：加量不加价一定要让顾客看到实惠。
第一章顾客——以人为本的促销艺术
第一节按年龄促销
方案17 小鬼当家——通过儿童来促销
例：六一儿童节让孩子自己选择喜欢的玩具在导购阿姨的陪伴下自己当家选物品，父母在休息区等候付账。注意时间点，立足点，促销方案，细节取胜。
方案18 自嘲自贬——中年人最求实在
例：一家饭店门前门帘为“却山珍少海味唯独便宜，无名师非正宗图个方便”横批“隔壁好小吃店。自曝取点却突出有点“便宜，方便”。
方案19 主动挑错——打动老年顾客的心
例：将有瑕疵的货品，主动写明瑕疵来出售，让顾客主动挑错，得到客户信任。 方案20 “欢乐金婚”——即做广告又做见证人
方案21 “寿星”效应——让寿星为商场超市做广告
第二节
方案22 英雄救美——打好男性这张牌
例：美国一家烟草商场超市，橱窗中一位美女被香烟压着并向往来的男性求救，只要男士卖掉香烟美女就可以从困境中出来。此方案目标明确多重心里的把握适应性强等特点。
方案23 挑选顾客——商场促销的“软”招
例：一家服装店打着女性专店男性谢绝入内的牌子，为男性安排休息区，女性选购商品又保证了私密性。
方案24 赠之有道——满足女顾客的“心”需求
例：赠送的是成套商品中的一种如被套，这样顾客为了配齐整套的货品又来购买增加了商场超市销量。
方案25 “换人”效应——给女性不一样的感觉
例：服装店推出广告“带着几十元钱来这里，我们保证给你换一个人”，来店顾客接收商场超市的搭配服务，给人一种焕然一新的感觉，并且接收“换人”销售的女性顾客适当给予一些折扣和小礼品。
方案26 爱屋及乌——做好追星女孩的文章
例：将流行的东西附加赠送给追星的女孩，提高销量。
方案27 “情人娃娃”——让单身女性不再孤单
例：在情人节，推出购物即可领“情人娃娃”加上广告的宣传达到好的效果。
第二节心理于情感促销
方案28 货比三家——顾客信任多一点
例：售前劝告“货比三家”提高客户的信任度。
方案29 吃出幸运——为幸运而疯狂消费
例：餐馆消费可抽奖，消费多抽奖几率高，获奖留影张贴墙上，广告词“幸运，越多越好”。优势：商品优势，顾客可以拒绝买但吃饭是不会拒绝的;幸运比例优势，消费额度高抽的奖项高，中奖率高，这样中奖比例是由商场超市控制的不仅不会亏本还会激发顾客积极性。
方案30 能者多得——引诱推销的法宝
例：零食铺，推出买零食即可翻卡片，答对问题送同样的零食，赠品零食小少精。抓住孩子喜欢逞能的特点，又有小赠品的满足感。
方案31 档案管理——让顾客为之而感动
例：在特定的日子给顾客以短信礼品的问候打动顾客。
方案32 一点点往上加——让顾客喜欢上你
例：“多一点商铺”在承重时，拿的少一些，然后一点点往上加，这样顾客有种增加的感觉。顾客消费同样看重感觉哟。
方案33 模范双星——紧抓民族文化传统不放
例：老年用品店用“模范双星”评选活动，评选“寿星”“孝星”。得到大家的熟知提高品牌知名度。
第二章热情，燃起永不言败的销售激情
第一节摆设促销
方案34 “绿叶效应”——新鲜水果自由顾客来
例：水果铺体现水果的新鲜，水果上带着叶子。
方案35 混乱经营——乱中取胜的好办法
例：服装地摊的乱中取胜，启示：商品销售不能一成不变要反其道而行之，摆设可以反映价格信息。
方案36 货比好坏——好货需要劣货陪
例：将质量差异大而外形相同的货放在一起销售，效果明显。
方案37 排位有诀窍——便宜的总是在前排
例：将一些便宜的货放在前面，打出便宜的口号吸引人。
第二节包装促销
方案38 故弄玄虚——满足顾客的档次心理
例：将商品二次豪华包装，将商品变成礼品。
方案39 心心相印——用来见证爱情
例：花店二次包装和婚介合作为新人举办集体婚礼手捧心心相印的鲜花见证爱情。同样是二次包装，但可通过活动将信息传达给顾客。
方案40 齐聚一堂——搭配出来的畅销
例：水果店把一些水果放在一个篮子了，这样即好看有实惠。同类产品组合销售就是好的方法。
第三章广告——引起轰动的促销捷径
第一节商场超市广告促销
方案41 现场效应——在现场为自己做广告
例：羽绒系列当场拆开衣服被褥让大家看内里的东西。卖点：眼见为实，口碑相传，邀请顾客体现互动行。
方案42 暗示效应——让顾客自以为是
例：饭店在大厅拜访名人的就餐照，暗示这家是名人常来光顾的店。卖点：提高商场超市知名度，利用客户的心里漏洞。
方案43 点名效应——让顾客关注自己的品牌
例：搞些公关活动提高商场超市知名度。
方案44 对比效应——让顾客看到实际效果
例：洗车店门前放置一台没洗过的车和洗过的车来引起大家的关注。
第二节媒体广告促销
方案45 “夸张效应’——吸引顾客的眼球
例：卖手表的放在水里卖。卖点：展示商品的质量，抓住顾客好奇心。
方案46 巧用证人——真正的活广告
方案47 名人效应——让名人为商场超市做广告
方案48 搭顺风车——借力取胜的捷径
例：在重大活动中做在前排争取露脸机会，提高曝光从而可以做宣传。
第三节公益活动促销
方案49 温情一元——超市卖场的助学之旅
例：超市购物满38元即可要求服务台往捐款箱里投入1元资助希望工程的学校。
方案50 免费领养——把奖品变成领养权
例：广告让人们领养被遗弃的小动物，宠物店签署协议不再遗弃小动物，宠物店提供一个星期免费粮食。
方案51 “买“来的学费——另一种形式的助学促销
例：书店活动购物满多少元即可抽奖，奖品是现金，名额有限。
方案52 希望商场——把让利变成孩子的希望
例：在地震的时候，商场推出让利促销活动价格保持不变，所有利润捐给慈善总会，以帮助地震中的孩子早日回到学校。例如当时王老吉的做法。要以有影响力的事件为立足点，要兑现自己的承诺。
第三节公关活动促销 方案53 破坏效应——让顾客真正放心
例：床垫用压路机压过去，证明质量。
方案54 效果展示——让质量自己说话
方案55 消费卫士——迎合顾客心理做文章
例：质量有问题的货品在大家面前请出商场超市。
方案56 传声筒——让顾客帮你促销
例：奥运时的全民运动会，电动车经销商尾随，让掉队的人做上车永远不掉队。传声筒就是一次口碑销售。
第四章节假日——黄金时间的捞“金”技巧
第一节传统节日促销
方案57 新年红包——春节礼品促销
方案58 非常1+1——清明节鲜花促销
例：1+1=一站式购物，卖点方便，价格合理。
方案59 五五有礼——端午节粽子促销
例：注意方案可以不新颖，但一定要实在;让利幅度大，善于一点带面。
第二节外来节日促销
方案60 情人价格——情人节花饰促销
方案61 平安是福——平安夜苹果促销
方案62 圣日“圣”情——圣诞节蛋糕促销
第三节特定人群假日促销
方案63 三八彩头——妇女用品促销
方案64 快乐童年——儿童节玩具促销
例：儿童购物广场播放儿童喜爱的动画片提前热身后，玩游戏，答对问题赢奖品，且在活动期间购买玩具可享受折扣。
方案65 亲情厨房——让您的母亲更轻松
例：母亲节的厨具促销，购物送康乃馨，赢“亲情海南三日游”。
方案66 含蓄父爱——父亲节礼品促销
方案67 尊师台——尊师重教的创意促销
例：教师节十字绣商场超市的广告“老师将自己的汗水和知识融进了一笔一划的粉笔字中，作为学生的你，为什么不将尊重和感谢一针一线地绣在十字绣里送给老是呢?教师节期间，凡在本店购买十字绣的顾客都能得到一张精美的教师节贺卡。”
第二节促销人员促销
方案80 另类模特——别开生面的促销场面
例：服装店请老年模特，宣传语“老年人的时装我们都能做好，更何况是给年轻的你呢?”。
方案81 美丑分明——给人震撼的视觉效果
方案82 双赢模式——做好促销员的文章
方案83 人情促销——满足顾客的情感需要
例：以促销员的亲戚为借口促销。
方案84 沉锚效应——促销员的服务语言创意
例：问客户要不要啤酒不如问要1瓶还是2瓶啤酒。
第七章服务——锁定客户的促销方式 第一节售前服务促销
方案85 样品派送——更直接的试用感觉
方案86 适当越位——多给顾客一点儿
方案87 欲取先给——商场超市服务的取舍之道
第二节售中服务促销
方案88 自选餐厅——一切都为了服务顾客
方案89 将错就错——让顾客都觉得满意
方案90 依样画瓢——给顾客一个思路
方案91 按需供应——不让一个顾客失望
第三节售后服务促销
方案92 榜上有名——给顾客最好的服务
方案93有求必应——想顾客之所想
方案94 无理由退货——赢得声誉的服务方案
第四节免费服务促销
方案95 免费服务——一种超前的感情投资
方案96 额外服务——真心诚意为顾客服务
方案97 涂鸦服务——让顾客恋上你的商场超市
第五节其他服务促销 方案98 请君入店——小服务带来大利润
方案99 栽梧引凤——方便顾客，也方便商场超市
常用英语范文第3篇
Molding technique procedure and parameter introduction 第一節 成型工艺
Section 1 molding technique. 1.成型工艺参数类型
Sorts of molding parameter. (1).注塑参数
Injection parameter. a.注射量 Injection rate. b.计量行程
Screw back position c.余料量 Cushion d.防诞量
Sucking back rate e.螺杆转速 Screw speed f.塑化量 lastic rate g.预塑背压
Screw back pressure h.注射压力和保压压力
Injection pressure and holding pressure i.注射速度 Injection speed (2)合模参数
Clamping parameter a.合模力 Clamping force b.合模速度 Clamping speed c.合模行程.
Clamping stroke d.开模力 Opening force e.开模速度 Opening speed f.开模行程 Opening position g.顶出压力
Ejector advance pressure h.顶出速度
Ejector advance speed i.顶出行程
Ejector advance position 2.温控参数
Temperature parameter a.烘料温度
Dry resin material temperature b.料向与喷嘴温度
Cylinder temperature and nozzle temperature c.模具温度 Mold temperature d.油温
Oil temperature 3.成型周期 Molding cycle a.循环周期 Cycle time b.冷却时间 Cool time c.注射时间 Injection time d.保压时间
Holding pressure time e.塑化时间
lant time
f.顶出及停留时间
Knocking out and delay time g.低压保护时间 Mold protect time 成型工艺参数的设定须根据产品的不同设置. Molding technique parameter setting differs depending on type of product 第二节成型条件设定
Section 2 Molding parameter Setting 按成型步骤:可分为开锁模,加热,射出,顶出四个过程. Molding steps: mold opening/closing, heating injection and knocking out. 开锁模条件: Mold opening parameter: 快速段中速度
低压高压速度 High-speedmid-speed Low pressure high pressure speed 锁模条件设定: Mold closing parameter setting 1锁模一般分:快速→中速→低压→高压
Mold closing: high-speed →low-speed →low pressure→high pressure
2.快锁模一般按模具情况分,如果是平面二板模具,快速锁模段可用较快速度,甚至于用到特快,当用到一般快速时,速度设到55-75%,完全平面模可设定到80-90%,如果用到特快就只能设定在45-55%,压力则可设定于50-75%,位置段视产品的深浅(或长短)不同,一般是开模宽度的1/3. In high-speed section, Mold closing speed depends on type of mold. For two –plate mold it can set quick and even especially quick usually, it set speed within 55-75%. For full-plate mold it set speed within80-90% while using especially high speed it set speed within 45-55% and pressure within 50-75% position distance setting differs depending on the volume of product and usually it can be set 1/3 of mold opening position. 3.中速段,在快速段结束后即转换成中速,中速的位置一般是到模板(包括三板模,二板模)合在一块为止,具体长度应视模板板间隔,速度一般设置在30%-50%间,压力则是20%-45%间. In mid-speed section: Mold closing speed changes into mid-speed after high-speed section finish. Mid-speed start position is where two plates meet (include three-plate mold and two-plate mold ) Distance of mid-speed is up to distance of two plates plate it speed within 30-50% and pressure 20-45%. 4.低压设定,低速设定一般是在模板接触的一瞬间,具体位置就设在机台显示屏显示的一瞬间的数字为准,这个数字一般是以这点为标准,,即于此点则起不了高压,高于此点则大,轻易起高压.设定
的速度一般是15%-25%,视乎不同机种而定,压力一般设定于1-2%,有些机则可设于5-15%,也是视乎不同机种不同. Low-pressure section: Mold closing sets low-pressure when plates meeting. This position is set to the data of machine screen on this time. This point is the gage of the data. Data lower the point there is no high-pressure. Data higher the point there is high-pressure easily. It set speed within 15-25% and pressure within 1-2% depending on type within 1-2% depending on type of injection molding machine. 5.高压设定,按一般机台而言,高压位置机台在出厂时都已作了设定,相对来讲,是不可以随便更改的,比如震雄机在50P.速度相对低压略高,大约在30-35%左右,而压力则视乎模具而定,可在55-85%中取,比如完全平面之新模,模具排气良好,甚至于设在55%即可,如果是滑块较多,原来生产时毛边也较多,甚至于可设在90%还略显不足. High-pressure section: To normal injection molding machine, high-pressure position had been set before they were sent to customer. It can not be modified. For example high-pressure position of CHENHSONG machine is 50P.The speed of high-pressure section is about 30-35% and higher than that of low-pressure. The pressure is up to mold, it can set within 55-85% For full-plate mold, it’s eject air well, it can set pressure 55% .If mold has a lot of slides and flash rate high in production, pressure can set 90%. 加热工艺条件设定
Heating technique parameter setting 1.加热段温度设定必须按照产品所使用的原料的不同而不同,但却必须遵循一个这样的规则,即由射口筒到进科段温度是逐步递减的.且递减温度是以10.度为单位. The proper temperature setting differs depending on type of resin material, but it must be abide by a rule that temperature setting should diminish in step 10.C from nozzle to feeding resin material position. 2特殊情况下.如料头抽丝,则射口筒温度应降低,如果是比较特殊的原料冷凝比较快的.则射口筒温度则不止比第二节法兰温度高10度.比如PPS.尼龙等. Nozzle temperature setting should low if product line. If resin material such as PS, PA, cool very soon , Nozzle temperature should higher more 10.C than the second cylinder temperature. 3.机台马达启动温度视乎机台不同而不同,一般出于对机台油路中的油封保护需要,油温最好能控制在40度-60度,以免油封长期高压而变化,缩短使用寿命,造成成型不稳定. ump turning on temperature is different depending on type of injection molding machine. To protect oil seal of machine it set oil temperature within 40.C-60.C, If oil seal work on condition that high pressure and damaged It’s work time will be shorter, it
can cause molding stable. 第三节注射及熔胶(加料)工艺条件设定
Injection and plastic Technique parameter setting 一.注射 Injection 第四节常见塑料原料的有关温度值.
原料 Resin名称 Name熔点℃
Melt’s成型温度℃
Molding Temperature(’c)分解温度℃
Decomposing Temperature(‘C)模具温度℃
Mold Temperature(‘c)干燥温度℃
Resin dry temperature(‘c)
注射是把塑料原料经加热后射进模腔的过程,它一般可分为第一级,第二级,第三级,第四级及保压几段: Injection is a step which inject melt resin material into mold. It consists of stepl,step2 ,step3,step4 and holding pressure step: 1.第一级注射一般是注射料头段.具注射量一般可根据料头的轻重来估计其行程,当然也可以依据公式来计算,如公式: Step l injects usually tunnel material, Injection Volume can be estimated according to the weight of course it can be calculated by formula: L=Si=Vi/0.785Ds2 L:注射行程; Si:注射行程; L: injection stroke Si: injection stroke Vi:理论注射容积; Ds:螺杆直径; Vi: injection volume of theoretical Ds: diameter of screw 0.785:是Ω/4的值. 0. 785: value ofΩ/4. 当然,如果我们在成型时每设定一个参数都要计算一次,要成型出一个产品就要几个小时才能完成了. But it cost a lot of time to produce one product if every time molding parameter is setting by calculation. 2.第二级是注塑产品约2/3的阶段,当然,根据产品特殊需要,也允许成型不到2/3阶段,比如避免结合线问题,这一阶段的成型速度及压力一般是整个成型段的最大值段,如果排的产品与机台基本
是相吻合的.模具结构合理,排气良好,这一段的压力一般也不会超过80%.速度侧视产品需变,可能大到95%也可,自然一般都是在55%-80%间. Step 2 inject 2/3 of product. It can lower 2/3 of product according to requirement of product. For example to prevent weld line. Molding speed and pressure on this step is the maximum of whole molding section. If Mold suit the injection molding machine and mold structure reasonable and eject air well, pressure of this step should lower 80%. Molding speed setting within 55-80% but it may setting 95% for especial product. 3.第三段是注射余下的1/3段,其速度和压力根据产品的需要,一般是小于第二段,速度和压力存在于一个往下降的过程.主要是为了防止产品毛边的产生,但同时又必须把产品充填饱满. Step3 inject remain 1/3 of product. According to product molding speed and pressure lower than that of step2 To prevent flash speed and pressure should decrease but it can’t shot short. 4.第四段:一般有机台还有第五,第六段,这段的成型速度和压力相同前,都存在两段一个递减过程.其作用都是起到一个再次充满的作用. Step4 section: Some injection machines have step5,step6 which are same as former molding speed and pressure this step should diminish and inject once more. 5.保压段:不论成型什么产品,都存在一个保压过程.任何产品都不同程度的存在一个厚薄不一的问题,正常情况下,较厚的部分都可能存在一个收缩凹陷的现象,为了解决这种现象,就应应用到保压,保压一般来讲都应用较慢的射速,而压力的设置则应看缩水的情况如何,小到25%,大到80%都有可能. Holding pressure step: No matter what product there is a holding pressure step. Any product can’t molding a same thickness. Usually the deeper section may sink mark . To prevent this defect it should set holding pressure, The injection speed of holding pressure step is slow but holding pressure setting within 25-80% depending on sink mark. 二.熔胶段工艺 lastic Technique 1.再复杂的熔胶旋转过程最多不会超过三段,因为熔胶本身就是存在于把胶熔进料筒的过程,如果原料粘度大,熔胶压力则大,但速度则应取决于原料的分解温度,熔胶速度越快,原料中的剪切力则会越大,料管温度则越高,局部原料产生分解的可能性则会越大,故一般熔胶会采用中速为宜,如45%-75%,熔胶同时会碰到一个比较重要的环节,那就是背压的使用,产品精度要求越大,背压的使用则更大,背压可使原料分子间结构更紧密,成型出的产品则尺寸更稳定,外观越好.当然,背压太大,则会产生流涎,所以背压的使用又应考虙到其它原因. lastic should lower 3 steps, because plastic is a step to add melt resin material to cyclinder , Higher stick of resin material ,higher screw back pressure. Screw speed differs depending on decomposing temperature of resin material ,Higher screw speed ,Higher
trim force of resin, higher cyclinder temperature. Some resin material may decomposes so it set screw speed in mid-speed such as 45-75%, In plastic step setting screw back pressure is very important, Higher screw back pressure ,higher quality of product screw back pressure make resin structure order, Molding product is beautiful and volume stable. But ,it maybe flow if screw back pressure too high . So all factors should be considered when using screw back pressure. 2.熔胶过程还有一个比较重要的环节,那就是松退,松退分前松退和后松退,其作用一般是为了防止流涎和抽丝,设定值速度和压力都在20%-50%间,设定的行程一般在2-5cm间,太长的行程可能会使料筒里面贮存空气,导致下一模出现不期望的气泡. In plastic step sucking back is very important too. Sucking back include front sucking back and back sucking back It setting sucking back to prevent flow and line. It sets sucking back speed and pressure within 20-50% and distance within 2-5cm. TOO long distance make cyclinder reserve air and cause bubble at next molding. 顶出的工艺设定
knocking out technique setting 产品经冷却定型后则有一个开模的过程,开模基本上是合模的反过程.开模的未段则有一个慢速设置,开模完成后,产品必须顶出的过程. There is a mold opening step after product cooling taking shape. Mold opening is a reverse step of mold closing. The last step of mold opening speed set slow. Product should be knocked out after mold opened. 一.顶前: Knocking out 顶前最好分两个阶级,第一阶可分为中压慢速,即是把产品轻轻顶出一部分,然后是中压中速顶,中压中速一般指的是35%-55%,而低速则有可能低到5%,这需视产品不同而言,顶出行程设定是顶出长度稍比产品垂直深度大1-2cm即可. Knocking out includes two steps, Step1 section setting mid-speed, knocks product out partly step2 section setting mid-pressure and mid-speed . Depending on different product, mid-pressure and mid-speed sets within 35-55% but low-speed can set 5%. Distance of knocking out longer 1-2cm than the vertical thickness of product. 二.退针 Back 顶退包括两个过程与顶落的过程基本一致,顶退的终点应预留1-3cm的空间,以保护顶针油管不被顶坏. The same as knocking out, ejector back includes 2 steps. To protect the ejector oil jar, it should make a 1-3mm distance in the ending point of ejector back. 三.顶针方式还包括一个多次顶,单次顶及顶针停留的选择,机械手取产品,脱模顺利的情况都采
取多项,为了顶针油缸 寿命的延长,多次顶就以不超过三次为宜,顶针停留一般用在顶针带着产品退回有可能对增品产生损伤的模具,同时为配合机械手使用,有时也需要较短的顶针停留. The way of knocking out includes knocking out once, Knocking out repeat and ejector delay. Take product by manipulator or take product easy, it should select knocking out once. To longer the work time of ejector oiljar, times of knocking out lower 3 times. Ejector delay used when product will be damaged if ejector back or suit manipulator. 成型时间的设定 Molding time setting 在保证产品质量的前提下,周期时间是越短越好,周期时间又包括如下几项:射胶时间,保压时间,熔胶时间,冷却时间,顶出时间,锁模低压时间,甚至乎关系到时间因素的还有还开模与锁模,及顶出的快慢. Cycle time should shorter on condition that product quality well. Cycle time includes: injection time , holding pressure time, plastic time, cure time, knocking out time and mold protect time. Even mold opening closing sopeed and knocking out speed affect cycle. 1.射胶时间包含保压时间,一般看起来,射胶时间越长,产品越饱和,但我们在讲求质量时,同时也须考虑产能,更何况,射胶时间过长,有可能会造成产品过于饱满而寻致粘模顶的变形呎寸偏大等一系列问题,故我们在设置射胶时间时应综合考虑,尽量在合乎质量要求时缩短射胶时间. Injection time consists holding pressure time. Longer injection time, fuller product, we should consider production quantity when we suit for quality. If injection time too long, it may cause a series of defects suck as flash strain. So all sorts of factors should be considered, injection time should be shout if quality suit for requirement. 2.熔胶时间的长短取决于熔胶速度设定的快慢,背压设定的大小,但有一点,熔胶时间控制的长短一定要比冷却时间短. lastic time depends on plastic speed and screw back pressure, but plastic time must shorter than cure time. 3.冷却时间:冷却时间的长短直接影响到成型的周期,冷却时间越长,成型时间就越长,造成产能就越低,故我们在设定高压冷却时间时,只要能保证到产品成型顺利,不会直接影响到变形等问题,设定的时间也是越短越好. Cure time: Cure time affects molding cycle. Longer cure time, longer molding cycle, lower production quantity. So it sets cure time short on condition that product molding succed and can’t deformation.. 4.在大量使用机械手的塑胶公司,我们的顶出时间一般是与机械手配合为宜,全自动使用机械手时顶出停留时间一般保持1.5-2秒,半自动生产,如因顶针退回会导致产品掉落或卡紧,而取不下产品,停留时间则应保持5秒左右. In PCE company, for using manipulator in abundence , knocking out time suits
manipulator, Knocking out delay keeps 1.5-2 second when using manipulator full-manipulator, knocking out delay keeps about 5 second when using manipulator semi-manipulator and product will fall or can’t be taken off if ejector back. 5.低压保护时间对保护我们人身安全,模具安全起很大作用,配合好模具低压位置和低压压力的调整,低压保护的时间应取1-3秒,保护时间越短,可能造成的危害则越小. Low-pressure protect is very important for safety and protect mold, Mold protect time should adjust within 1-3 second suit low pressure and position of mold protect, shorter protect time, make damaged. Surface Appearance 外观 Glossiness/gloss finish 光洁度 Matt finish/matt surface 毛面
Glass fiber rich surface/glass emergence on the surface 玻纤外露 Blooming/surface blooming 表面析出 White patches on surface 表面白斑 Silver marks/silver streak 银纹 Splay mark 水纹 Flow mark 流纹 Weld line 溶结纹 Brittle/brittleness 脆 Bubbles/trapped gas 气泡 Void 孔
Burn marks 烧伤
FR failed 阻燃不合格 Flame rating V-2 阻燃V-2 Poor dispersion 分散不好
FR/PTFE …agglomerates etc 阻燃剂/PTFE…结块 Pellet porous 粒子不密/蜜蜂窝 Low impact/tensile etc 物理性能低
High flow/filler content etc 流动性/填充…过高 Longs/fines/doubles 长粒/碎屑/连粒 Poor cut 粒形不好
Bristle/voids 表面有小气泡/孔 Glass bundles 玻纤结团
Product was rejected due to 产品不能接受因为… High moisture level 高水分 Warpage/warped 翘曲 Shrinkage/shrink 收缩 Sink marks 缩影
Short shot/short molding 打不满 Distortion 变形
Over dimension 尺寸过大 Under dimension 尺寸过小
Flashing 飞边 Discoloration 变色 Off color 颜色差异 Flow rate 流动率 Viscous 粘
High flow 高流动 Low flow 低流动 Sticky 粘
Mold release 脱模 Antioxidant 抗氧剂
Flame retardant agent 阻燃剂 Heat stabilizer 热稳定剂
Chopped glass fiber 短切玻纤
Roving glass fiber 粗纱/长玻纤 Glass beads 玻璃微珠 Milled fiber 碾磨纤
Molybdenum disulfide/moly/MoS2 二硫化钼 Colorant 着色剂 Pigment 颜料
Dye 染料
Accepted product specification 接受产品规格 Approved our product 认可我们的产品 Re-set spec 重新定标准
Add in extra … 添加多一点…
Reduced … content 减少…含量
Dropped/reduced … by x% 减少…含量…% Confirmed color standard 确认颜色标准 Approved color standard 认可颜色标准 Re-confirmed color standard 重新确认颜色标准 Qualified our product 认可我们的产品
Undergoing heat aging test 在做热老化实验 Product is under testing 产品在测试当中 Received first order 接了第一个定单
Expected to finish by … 预计在…完成 Expected order is xMT 预计定单量…吨
常用英语范文第4篇
otherwise否则 unless除非 therefore因此 nevertheless然而
in addition另外
⑦It is clear that …
⑧All in all ,what really matters is , in fact , to …
⑨It is essential that effective measure be taken to …
⑩From what has been discussed above , we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that …
⑾ In conclusion ,the most important is …
⑿ On the whole , it is high time that every one …
⒀ As a result , we should take some effective steps to …
⒁ Judging by the figures / statistics , it is not difficult to see that …
⒂ Only in this way / in so doing , can be really …
1. 表示原因
1)There are three reasons for this.
2)The reasons for this are as follows.
3)The reason for this is obvious.
4)The reason for this is not far to seek.
5)The reason for this is that...
6)We have good reason to believe that...
2. 表示好处
1)It has the following advantages.
2)It does us a lot of good.
3)It benefits us quite a lot.
4)It is beneficial to us.
5)It is of great benefit to us.
4.学会使用过渡词。如:
①递进: then(然后)， besides(还有)， furthermore(而且)， moreover(此外)等。
②转折: however(然而)， but(但是)， on the contrary (相反)， after all(毕竟)等。
③总结: finally(最后)， at last(最后)， in brief(总之)， in conclusion(最后)等。
④强调: indeed(确实)， certainly(一定)， surely(确定)， above all(尤其)等。
⑤对比: in the same way(同样地)， just as(正如)， on the one hand…on the other hand(一方面……另一方面……)等。
相似的比较： similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较： on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …,
1、 陈述个人的观点
It is alleged that(据说)
In my view, both sides are partly right(两方面都部分的正确)
As far as I am concerned(就我而言)
As regards to me
My own point of view is that……
Personally, I believe that……
My experience tells me that……
It comes as no surprise that Chinese economy becomes increasingly hot.
2、 陈述别人的观点
Other individuals, however, take the attitude that……(错误的观点)sb is under the false belief that…
英语写作常用句型
(一)段首句
1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2. 俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______. Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)
Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.
5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢?
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why?
(二)中间段落句
1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。
On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.
2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。
But I dont think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.
3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……
______is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction. First，______.Whats more, _____.Most important of all,______.
4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。
There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______
5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，
Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing，______For another，______
6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。
It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.
7. 为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……
Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the
main cause of ______due to ______.
8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as______.
9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous
四级作文常用短语
一、 作文开头
万能句
1、With the development of technology and science,随着科学技术的发展(后面一定要接句子，不能单独使用)
With the growth progress of technology and science= Coincident with the advancement of science and technology.
2、Considering the worsening situation in China, attention must be poured into protecting the environment.(考虑到中国越来越坏的情况，环境保护需要引起更多的重视。)
3、The first five years of the new century witnessed the increasing development of China.(本世纪的头五年见证了中国的快速发展。) As the global economy grows at a fever pitch,……
4、Coincident with the fast growing national economy, there exists an unfavorable and prevalent phenomenon in China.
5、There are growing concern for ……
6、In recent years, it is common to seehear that ……
7、There is a general tendency that……(有一种趋势)
二、 作文内容的陈述
结构in the first place/ secondly/ on top of that
以下手段是增加句子复杂性的常见方法，也是得高分的“亮点”。
1.改变句子的开头方式，不要一味地都是主语开头，接着是谓语、宾语，最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首，或用分词做状语等。〔原文〕We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning.
〔修正〕Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.
〔原文〕The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news.
〔修正〕Hearing the bad news， the young man couldn’t help crying.
2.在整篇文章中，避免只使用一两个句式，要灵活运用诸如倒装句、强调句、主从复合句、分词状语等。
①强调句
〔原文〕I met him in the street yesterday.
〔修正〕It was in the street that I met him yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met him in the street.
②由with或without引导的短语。如:
He sat in a chair with a newspaper in the hand.
③分词短语。如:
Satisfied with the result，He decided to go on with a new experiment.
④倒装句。如:
Only in this way can we achieve our goal.
Never before have I seen such a wonderful film.
Not only should we study in the college, but also learn how to be a decent person.
⑤省略句。如:
If so，victory will be ours.
You can make some changes wherever necessary.
3.通过分句和合句，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。
〔原文〕He stopped us half an hour ago. He made us catch the next offender.
〔修正〕He stopped us half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.
〔原文〕We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced.
Some told stories. Some played chess.
〔修正〕After a short rest， we had great fun singing and dancing， telling jokes and playing chess.注意使用不同长度的句子，要结合
使用，不能只用短句或只用长句。
4.学会使用过渡词。如:
①递进: then(然后)， besides(还有)， furthermore(而且)， moreover(此外)等。
②转折: however(然而)， but(但是)， on the contrary (相反)， after all(毕竟)等。
③总结: finally(最后)， at last(最后)， in brief(总之)， in conclusion(最后)等。
④强调: indeed(确实)， certainly(一定)， surely(确定)， above all(尤其)等。
⑤对比: in the same way(同样地)， just as(正如)， on the one hand…on the other hand(一方面……另一方面……)等。
相似的比较： similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较： on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …,
5.注意使用词组、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。如:
〔原文〕A new railway is being built in my hometown.
〔修正〕A new railway is under construction in my hometown.
6.避免重复使用某一单词或短语。如:
〔原文〕I like reading while my brother likes watching television.
〔修正〕I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.
I like reading while watching television appeals to my brother.
三、 结尾
1、 All in all, what really matters is, in fact, that……(比如说到和谐社会 All in all, what really matters is, in fact, that we should build our society a harmonious society.)
2、 Therefore, it’s not difficult to draw a conclusion that……
3、 As a result , we should take effective measures to do sth.(我们必须采取一些有效的措施来做些什么)
4、 From what has been discussed above , we may conclude that ……
5、 Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
四、 一些用法
1、 陈述个人的观点
It is alleged that(据说)
In my view, both sides are partly right(两方面都部分的正确)
As far as I am concerned(就我而言)
As regards to me
My own point of view is that……
Personally, I believe that……
My experience tells me that……
The invention of the handset, I dare to say, turns out to be a tremendous hit.
The application of web sites, I dare to say, turns out to be a greatly hit.
It comes as no surprise that Chinese economy becomes increasingly hot.
2、 陈述别人的观点
Other individuals, however, take the attitude that……
(错误的观点)sb is under the false belief that……
3、 图表作文
The table showsindicates reveals that ……(表明、暗示、揭示)
According to the statistics showing in that graph, we can easliy seefound……(根据表中的数据，我们可以看见，发现)
As seen from the chart/ As is portrayed in the picture
Sales went into a slight decline=sales declined slightly(小幅下降)
Sales declined dramatically/sharply/greatly/hugely (大幅下降)
A brief glimpse at our campus (the picture/cartoon/caricature) vividly shows that mobile phone, becoming more and more prevalent.
五、好的替代
the machine he device 代替 computerhandset代替 cell phoneintenselycrucially important代替 very important (it is crucially important that the benefits of collective be on our priority.)
approaches代替 wayscurrent(currently) 代替 nowgrowing individuals代替 more and more people
individuals/ characters/ folks 代替 people, persons
positive, favorable, rosy(美好的), promising(有希望的), perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, 代替 good unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 代替 bad
unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 代替 badan army of, an ocean of, a multitude of 代替 many, a lot of
take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 代替 think
affair, business, matter 代替 thingbeneficial, rewarding 代替 helpfulenjoy, possess代替 have
for my part, from my own perspective 代替 in my opinionbear in mind that代替remember
exceedingly, extremely, intensely 代替 verypour attention into代替 pay attention to
to name only a few/ as an example代替for example/ instance
六、 常用短语
老年人the oldelderly aged elderly population senior citizens中年人middle adults
年轻人youthyoungster young adults adolescent农村rural 郊区suburban 城里urban坏的影响ill effects
网吧cyber café网虫mouse potato电视迷couch potato在当代社会in contemporary society
优秀的学生outstanding/superior/rare/top students双赢a win-win situation 双输 a lose-lose situation
建设有中国特色的社会主义build socialism with Chinese characteristics ,form a economic system with Chinese characteristics
七、 写信中
I would appreciate it very much If you ……
I am thrilled to receive your mail.
Looking forward to a prompt response.
八、 好的短语
1、 have growing respect for 越来越重视
Coincident with the fast growing economy, China has growing respect for protecting the environment and controlling population. 随着经济的迅速发展，中国也越来越重视环境保护和控制人口了。
2、 enable sb to do sth (使某人可以做某事)
It enable us to build a harmonious society.
3、 另外 In addition/ Additionally/ on top of that
Additionally, there is another reason for the appearance of this phenomenon.(现象)
九、 好的句子
The real power resides in the people.(真正的权力属于人民)
We must fight against the bureaucracy in order to improve governmental work.(为了提高政府部门的工作效率，我们必须与官僚作风作斗争。)
Litter by little, our knowledge will be enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened.(慢慢的，我们的知识会充实，我们的视野会开阔。)
As a classic proverb goes that no garden has no weeds.(常言道，任何事物都有两面的。)也可以用 every sword has two edges. Everything has both dark sides and bright sides.
Taiwan is an integral part of China.(台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。)阅读理解中
subjective(主观) subjective(客观)should后面是观点，重点把握完形填空
常用英语范文第5篇
1. 关于„„人们有不同的观点。一些人认为„„
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2.俗话说(常言道)„„，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍
然适用。
There is an old saying______. Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 现在，„„，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，„„;其次，„„。更为
糟糕的是„„。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.
4. 现在，„„很普遍，许多人喜欢„„，因为„„，另外(而且) „„。
Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.
5.任何事物都是有两面性，„„也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 关于„„人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)„„，在他们看来，„„
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题„„，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8. „„已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
8. „„在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许 多好处，但同时也
引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
9. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出„„。很显
然„„，但是为什么呢?
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why?
英语写作万能公式
1. 开头万能公式一： 经典句型： A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言) 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that„
2. 开头万能公式二：数字统计句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造： Honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Travel by Bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 Youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： A recent statistics shows that „写作绝招
结尾万能公式：
1. 结尾万能公式一：
比如下面的例子： Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： Thus, it can be concluded that„, Therefore, we can find that„
2. 结尾万能公式二： Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 更多句型： Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
3. 揭示主题： As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
4.To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、 一 二 三原则1first, second, third, last(俗) 2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(俗) 3)the first, the second, the third, the last(俗) 4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(俗) 5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) 6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) 7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) 8)most important of all, moreover, finally 9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) 10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)
用短语，比如： I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。
五、 多实少虚原则 原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如： 走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the
room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩!
六、 多变句式原则 1)加法(串联) 都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说： I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用： besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2)转折(拐弯抹角) 批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语： despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 3)因果(so, so, so) 昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友„可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语： then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that 4)失衡句(头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重) 有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。 举例：This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分： When to go, Why he goes away„
5)附加(多此一举) 如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他;或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 6)排比(排山倒海句) 文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our
potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!
七、 挑战极限原则 既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀! 原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如： The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪! 写作绝招 文章主体段落三大杀手锏：
一、举实例 思维短路，举实例!提出一个观点，举实例!提出一个方案，举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子! In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as
sound, light, colors, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they film him or her 更多句型： To take„as an example, One example is„,Another example is„, for example
二、做比较 方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的; 世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语： 相似的比较： in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较： on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with „, „ 这个对 compare and contrast 题型很有用
三、换言之 没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. I am wild about you. In other words, I have
常用英语范文第6篇
众所周知，随着经济和社会快速发展的步伐。旅游业也得以迅速发展，其中酒店行业也有所受益。但是并非所有人都会关注酒店的基本设施情况，而现在我就通过自己所了解的一个酒店的情况(一个例子)对其摆设做一个简单的介绍。
首先，就大堂而言，在酒店门口前面是交通要道，接着看到的是旋转门，从门口进入，即是前厅，门口有行李接待员，最先看到的是总服务台，它可以收银，兑换外币，结账，问询，留言服务等作用。在服务台的右侧有大堂副理接待处，里面还有商务中心，在服务台的左侧有休息区，从商务中心入口，走几步就能见到公共卫生间。并且还能看到电梯，还有残疾人通道等各种设备齐全。
其次，就客房而言，该酒店客房分为豪华，标准，双人间，单人间，高档间，大约有150个客房，就其内部设施而言，不同等级规格也不同，但是各种房间，基本设施都有，首先进入客房的是电视机，床，卫生设施，空调等。当然酒店还有各种娱乐设施，供住店客人使用。好多设施都是免费的。