英语商务信函常用句型范文第1篇
1、信端(Heading)
信端即信头，一般包括写信人的地址和写信日期。一些正式信函的信端还包括发信人或单位的电话号码、电报挂号、电传、传真和邮政编码等。 西方国家中有些信端甚至还有单位负责人的姓名、职务和职称等。 信端的目的是使收信人一看便知道书信来自何处，何时发出，便于复信和查阅。用一般的信纸写信时，信端应写在信纸的右上角，若字数较多，可从信纸中间或偏右的地方写起。若字数较少，可适当多向右移一些，使整个信端的重心落在右上角。
信端的写法主要有并列式和斜列式两种。从目前情况来看，前者更为常用。采用并列式时，每行开头要左对齐;采用斜列式时，每行开头逐次向右移二三个字母的距离。例如：
(1)并列式
16 Fuxing Street
Haidian District
Beijing
Post Code: 100035People’s Republic of China
Tel: 63211234
Aug. 20, 2004
(2)斜列式(Indented Form)
16 Fuxing Street
Haidian District
Beijing
Post Code: 100035
People’s Republic of China
Tel: 63211234
Aug. 20, 2004
写信端时，先写发信人的地址，地点的名称按由小到大的顺序排列，然后是其它项目和发信日期。具体次序是：第一行写门牌号和街名;第二行写区名、市(县)名、省(州、邦)名，往国外寄的信，还要写上国家的名称;国家名称的前面加上邮政编码，其后可写上电话号码，最后一行写发信日期。如果写信人的地址是机关单位的名称，则将其作为第一行。如果写信人的单位没有门牌号码和街名，则第一行可写上所在班级或专业组的名称;第二行写系、科、室名称;第三行写学校名称;第四行写市(县)、省(州)名称;然后再写邮政编码、国名、电话号码、发信日期等项。
如果使用标点符号，则在每行末尾加逗号，最后一行的末尾加句号。但当前的信件中行末大都不加标点符号，但在每行之内该用标点符号的地方，仍要用标点。特别要注意的是，门牌号码和街名之间要加逗号。月份和日期之间不可用逗号。在西方国家，城市名称之后往往写有字母或数字(如 New York, 103)，表示城市的邮政编码。
关于发信日期的写法，应注意以下几点：
①年份应完全写出，不能简写。
②月份要用英文名称，不要用数字代替。
③月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 May, June, July, 因为较短，不可缩写。
④写日期时，可用基数词1，2，3，4，5，……28，29，30，31等，也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, ……28th, 29th, 30th, 31lst等。但最好用基数词，简单明了。
日期可有下列几种写法：
① Oct. 20, 2004
② 10 May., 2004
③ 3rd June, 2004
④ Sept. 16th, 2004
其中，①最为通用。
2、信内地址(Inside Address, Introductory Address)
信内地址收信人的姓名和地址，写在信纸的左上角，从信纸的左边顶格开始写，低于写信人地址和发信日期一二行，也分并列式和斜列式两种，但应与信端的书写格式保持一致。其次序是，先写收信人姓名、头衔和单位名称，占一二行，然后写地址，可占二至四行，例如：
①并列式
Ms. Joanna Kerry
Peking University
Haidian District, 100871
Beijing
China
②斜列式
Ms. Joanna Kerry
Peking University
Haidian District,100871
Beijing
China
3.称呼(Salutation)
对收信人的称呼应自成一行，写在低于信内地址一二行的地方，从信纸的左边顶格开始写，每个词的开头字母要大写，至于末尾处的符号，英国人用逗号，但美国和加拿大英语则多用冒号。称呼用语可视写信人与收信人的关系而定。给外国人写英文信时，称呼用语要注意以下几点：
①对没有头衔的男性一般称呼 Mr. 。Mr. 用在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，不可只用在名字之前，例如对的称呼，应该是：Mr. 或 Mr. White, 不可是：Mr. Phil。若称呼多个男性，则在姓名前用 Mr. 的复数形式 Messrs. 。对一般以人名为名称的公司和企业常用这种称呼，例如：Messrs. Black and Brothers 布莱克兄弟公司。
②对女性一般称呼 Mrs.， Madam 或 Miss。Mrs.用在已婚女子的丈夫的姓氏之前，或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用在名字前 Madame 此词可以单独使用或加在丈夫的姓名之前 Mrs. 没有复数形式。若称呼多个女性，则在姓名前用 Mme. 的复数形式 Mmes. 而对以女子名字为名称的公司、企业可用 Mesdames 称呼。 Miss 多用于未婚女子，此词可缩写为 Ms ，用于姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用于名字之前。
③对收信人的称呼，也可用头衔或职位的名称，不分性别。例如 Professor (缩写为 Prof.)，Doctor (缩写为 Dr.)， General (缩写为 Gen.) 。这些称呼都放在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，如 Prof. (Phil)White等。
④对外公函中对收信人的称呼，可用 Gentlemen (而不是 Gentleman)，Dear Sir (s)和 My dear Sir(s)等。Gentlemen 之前不能加 Dear， 后面也不能带姓名。用 Sirs 时，前面常用 Dear 一词，但也可单独用 Sir。若收信人是妇女，则无论已婚或未婚，都可单独使用 Madam 或其复数 Mesdames。
⑤对外国高级官员的称呼，如国家元首、政府首脑、部长、大使、公使和特使等，可用(Dear)Sir， (Dear)Mr. Chairman，(Dear)Mr. Premier， (My dear)Mr. Ambassador，Your Excellency (复数为 Excellencies)。
⑥对君主制国家的国王和皇帝等男性君主，可以 Sir 称呼，对女王、女皇和皇后等女性君主，可用 Madam 称呼。有时也用 Your Majesty 称呼以表示。客气和尊敬Your Majesty 可兼指男性和女性，其复数为 Your Majesties。
⑦对王室成员，如太子、王子、亲王和公主等，一般可用(Dear)Sir 或(Dear)Madam 但在正式尊称时，一般用 Your Highness (复数为 Highnesses)。
收信人称呼
先生(男人)Mr./Esq.
夫人(已婚)Mrs.
小姐(未婚)Miss
夫人、小姐统称Ms.
夫妇俩人Mr.and Mrs.
两位或两位以上男子Messrs
两位或两位以上女子(已婚)Mesdames
两位或两位以上小姐(未婚)Misses
常见的头衔(汉英对照)如下：
教授Professor
博士Doctor(Dr.,Ph.D.)
医学博士Medical Doctor(M.D.)
总统或校长President
主席或董事长Chairman
副主席或副董事长Vice Chairman
副总统或副校长Vice President
首相Prime Minister
总理Premier
省长或州长Governor
市长Mayor
参议员Senator
大使Ambassador
秘书长Secretary General
一秘First Secretary
二秘Second Secretary
院长Director,Dean
副院长Vice Director
系主任Dean,Head,Chair
馆长Chief Librarian,Curator
阁下Excellency
神甫Father
4.信的正文(Body of the Letter)
信的正文每段第一行应往右缩进约四五个字母。在写事务性信件时，正文一般开门见山，内容简单明了，条理清楚。在写私人信件时，信写好之后若有什么遗漏，可用 P. S.表示补叙。
5.结束语(Complimentary Close)
结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称，只占一行，低于正文一二行，从信纸的中间或偏右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语视写信人与收信人的关系而定例如写给机关、团体或不相识的人的信，一般用：
Yours (very) truly, Yours (very) faithfully, Yours (very) sincerely， 等等。
写给上级和长者的信一般可用：
Yours (very) respectfully, Yours (very) obediently, Yours gratefully, Yours appreciatively, Your obedient servant, 等等。
写给同志或同事的信一般可用：
Fraternally yours, Comradely yours，等等。
写给熟人或朋友的信可用：
Yours, Ever yours, Yours affectionately, As ever, Yours sincerely Yours devotedly, (Most) Fondly yours, Yours excitedly, Intimately yours，等等。
写给亲属或挚友的信一般用：
Yours, Ever yours, Yours as ever, As ever, Yours affectionately, Lovingly yours, (Much) Love, With Love, Lovingly, Your loving son, Your most affectionate, Your devoted friend, Devotedly, 等等，意即：“您的”、“永远是您的”、“您的亲爱的”、“您的爱子(孩子、姐妹、侄、侄女、祖母)” 、“您的挚友”等。
写给挚友的信有时也可用：
Yours hurriedly, Yours hastily, Yours in haste, 等等。
写信给挚友，表示歉意时，可用：
Contritely yours, Regretfully yours, Yours in (with) regret, Yours in (with) deep remorse 等。
在欧洲一些国家里，多把Yours 放在 sincerely等词的前面。在美国和加拿大等国，则多用，把 yours 放在 Sincerely 等词之后。Yours 一词有时也可省略。
6.签名(Signature)
信末的签名一般低于结束语一二行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始写。若写信人是女性，与收信人又不相识，则一般在署名前用括号注上 Miss, Mrs.或 Ms.，以便对方回信时知道如何称呼。有的还有署名后写上自己的职称、职务或头衔
7.附件(Enclosure)
信件若有附件，应在左下角注明 Encl. 或 Enc.。若附件不止一个，则应写出2(或3，4，5等)Encls.，例如：
Enc: Resume
Encls:Grade Certificate
8.再启(Postscript, 缩写为 P. S.)
再启部分用于补叙正文中遗漏的话，一般应尽量少用，正式的函件中更应避免使用。
9.私人和公务信函--注意事项
首先，写信者应设身处地想到对方，尊重对方的风俗习惯。
其次，英文信应该行文流畅、言简意赅，避免冗长。这就是说，写信者应用尽可能少的文字表达其必须传递的信息，而且写信者应将其所需传递的信息表达清楚，以免对方产生误解。书信交往，同样需要以礼待人。因而在写信过程中，要避免伤害对方感情，措辞上多选用些礼貌婉转词语。
最后，除了避免语法、拼写、标点错误外，信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无误.
私人和公务信函--常用句式。常用的起首语有：
1)Thank you for your letter dated Dec.22,1969.
2)Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5，1997.
3)A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5,1997.
4)Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.
5)Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.
6)In reply to your letter dated 4th July,I want to say…
7)Thank you very much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.
8)What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th!
9)It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.
10)First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me .
11)With great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that … 12)I wish to apply for teaching position you are offering. 13)I am too excited and delighted at your good news.
14)I am very obliged to you for your warm congratulations.…
15)I am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.
常用的结束语有：
1)Awaiting your good news,
2)Looking forward to your early reply,
3)Hoping to hear from you soon,
4)We await your good news.
5)I hope to hear from you very soon.
6)We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
7)I look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles.
8)Your early reply will be highly appreciated.
9)Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.
10)The help you give me is sincerely valued.
11)I hope everything will be well with you .
12)Please let us know if you want more information.
13)I hope you always enjoy yourself.
14)I wish you very success in the coming year.
15)Please remember me to your family.
16)With best regards to your family.
17)All the best.
英语商务信函常用句型范文第2篇
1. 如能尽快报你方产品最低价，我方将不胜感激。
We shall be obliged if you will quote us your rock—bottom prices for your products at your earliest convenience.
2. 现报实盘：以我方时间3月21日下午5时前你方复到为准。
We offer you firm subject to your reply here by 5p.m，March 21 our time. 3. 兹就你方要求用付款交单方式一事，现奉告，信用证支付为我方惯用方式，故不能对你方例外。
With regard to your request for D/P terms, we wish to inform you that payment by L/C is your usual practice, and we are not in a position to make you an exception. 上述例句打底线部分为典型的外贸信函程式化套语，用在信函中能使语言表达地道规范，语气平和得当，、专业色彩浓，表现出鲜明的外贸信函用语行业特征。
试分析下述各例：
4. 烦请贵方注意这一事实：标题货装运短重问题仍未解决。
We would like to draw your attention to the fact that the question of short weight on the captioned shipment remains unsettled.
汉、英语在各自的语言表达中都有固定的套式，但 “draw”这一动词还可用“call”和“invite”来替换，只是“invite”中词更显礼貌一些。 5. 提请卖方注意：我方定单拖欠至今尚未履行。
We brought to the knowledge of the Seller that our order had been outstanding for considerable time.
此例与上例基本属同一类型，语气委婉，但言辞庄重，为常见的商函客套用语。 6. 如蒙贵公司向我方提供该公司情况，将不胜感激。
We should be grateful if you should get for US some information about this company.
英语中除了“obliged”, “grateful”这两个词外，还可用“thankful”一词来替换，或用其它的词稍作句型变化： It would be appreciated if... We should appreciate it if... 7. 你方9月8日来函收悉。
We are in receipt of your letter of Sept.8. 这一套语汉语还可简化为“函悉’’，几乎为信文开头的常式。 8. 希望保险索赔一事不会给你方造成麻烦。诸多麻烦，容此申谢。
We hope no difficulty will arise in connection with the insurance claim and thank you in advance for your trouble on our behalf.
这一套语不看译文的确想不到它竟会是汉语“提前致谢”之意。按汉语思维，会译成“Please allow me here to express to you our thanks for bothering you so much”，但这倒像老式的演讲词。再看一例： 9. 承蒙合作，容此申谢。
Thank you in advance for your cooperation. 用套语一套即可成文，非常实用。 10. 随函附寄我方价目单一式两份，请查收。
Enclosed please find two copies of our price list. 这一套语原是英语信函套型其实很简单：“Please find two copies„enclosed”，把句中宾补提到句首。类似的还有：
Please find enclosed two copies of... Enclosed are two copies of„
We are sending you under cover two copies of... 当然，最后这一例形式略有不同，“under cover”表达了随函的意思，若改用“under separate cover”、“by separate mail”或“by separate post”等套语，则是“另函”之意了。这一意义英语中还有更接近日常表达的方式： 11. 现随函附寄我方最新目录和价格表，上有贵方所需行情。
We enc1ose our latest catalogue and a price list giving details you ask for. 12. 我方经营多种轻工产品，详见附表。
We deal in a wide range of light industrial products as per list enclosed.
汉语“详见附表”似乎还有另一习惯表达：“For particulars please refer to the list attached”，尽管这也是固定的套语，但较之“as per”，在商函却不及后者地道。 “详见附表"这一套语还可更简洁： Details as per the attached list.
13. 谨告之装船单证正本通过中国银行寄送你方。
Please be advised that the originals of shipping documents are being sent to you through the Bank of China.
“谨告之”不是“sincerely inform you that„”因为它不大合商函套式。除句中“advise”词外，英语还可用“inform”代替它，或用“Please note that„” 和“Please see to it that„”句型来表达。 14. 请随时告之你方市场形势动态。
P1ease keep us informed of market situation at your end. 这与上例形式相近.但意义大不相同(上例是“告之于人”，此处则是“被告之”)，不可混用，名中“inform”一词还可用“advise”和“post”代替。同时，英语“at your end”也是商函中的固定习语。
15.请告之你方具体要求，以便我方另寄目录和报价表。
Please let us know your specific requirements in order for us to send you by separate mail our catalogue and quotation.
“请告之”英语不用“Please tell us”(当然也可这样表达)而是用了更为常用的套语(打底线处)，就使得表达更显商函特色了。 16.承蒙中国银行拉哥斯分行告之贵公司名称和地址，我方得知贵公司为纺织品和棉布出口商。
We owe your name and address to the Bank of China，Lagos Branch，through whom we have learnt you are exporters of Chinese textiles and cotton piece goods.
“承蒙告之”、“得知”也是信函用语，英语“through the courtesy of„”(经由„„的好意)“on the recommendation of”“introduced by„”(由„„介绍)等都可在这一情景下使用。
17. 现冒昧来函，以谋求与贵公司进行贸易。
We take the 1iberty of writing to you with a view to doing business with you. “冒昧”一词系初次交往时使用的礼貌用语，可使语气委婉而不显唐突，纯粹出于客套，实际意义不大，但用与不用效果不同。当然，这里也可以用“take the liberty to write to„”来代替上面的“of”短语。类似的场合下还可使用“to take this opportunity to introduce ourselves as„”(借此机会自我介绍)、“to write to introduce ourselves as„”(现函告)和“This is to introduce ourselves as„”(兹介绍)等来代替它。 18. 盼早复。
We are looking forward to your early reply.
汉语言简意赅，英语则句式相对长一些。类似的英语表达还有： ·We are expecting your early reply. ·We anticipate your early reply.
·We are awaiting your immediate reply. ·We look forward to hearing from you soon. ·Let us have your reply soon.
·We are looking forward to your favorable reply. ·We look forward to hearing from you favorably. 到底用哪一种则须遵从个人习惯了。上述各例从一定程度上反映了部分信函用语的模式化特征，但在一些商贸术语和行话中，同样也有一些模式化的固定搭配，它们不属标准用语，但却一样在表达上形成了套式，对于套语，必须首先排除汉语思维的干扰，遵从英语的习惯进行表达，例如下例：
19.请注意，我方现货不多。
Your attention is drawn to the fact that we have not much ready stock on hand. “现货”是固定的专业术语，汉语只有一个，英语却可根据不同上下文用多种形式表达(此句中的“请注意”也是可供现货：
·We can supply the goods from stock. ·We can supply the goods ex stock. ·The goods are in stock for supply. ·The goods are available for supply. 无现货可供：
·The goods are not available for supply. ·The stocks are exhausted. ·The goods are out of stock. 存货不多或逐减：
·Our stocks are running low.
·We have low(1imited)stock in(of)the goods. 20.此货需求甚殷，故建议你方尽快惠赐试定单。
We would suggest that you sent us your trial order as soon as possible，as there is a brisk demand for this article.
汉、英对照，英语既看不出“惠”(favour)，也看不出“赐”(grant)的意思，然而英语商函一直就这样说。当然，也有客气一些的说法： ·Would you please send us... ·Be kind enough to send us... ·Favor us with... 另外，“需求甚殷”与译文相比，一个文气，一个俗白，类似的英语固定搭配还有： 需求极大：There is a heavy demand for„ 接货过多：There is a heavy commitment„ 货已接满：—be fully committed with„
定单甚多：have received a large number of.. 定单接踵而至：the rush of order...
当然，上述译法也并非一成不变，具体使用须视不同上下文而定。 21.特此奉告，我方经营的电扇品种齐全。
We are pleased to inform you that we handle a wide range of electric fans.
“经营”一词却有多种说法: “deal in”、“trade in”、“be in the line of„”等习惯表达。与之相应的还有配，例如： 22. 现奉告，我方专营工艺品出口。
We wish to inform you that we are specialized in the export of arts and crafts.
当然，“专营"还有另外的说法，“专营”一词，同样也有许多搭配： ·We deal exclusively in the export of„ ·We specialize in the export of...
·We—are specific in the line of the export of„ ·We trade specially in the export of„ 上述“专营”、“经营”在英语中的搭配方式都已相对固定。 23.我公司为经营纺织品的大公司，产品畅销海内外。
We are large dealers in textiles，with our products well-sold at home and abroad. “畅销”一词为最常用商业术语，在英语中的说法不下十种，除个别与汉语“畅”字(fast)字面意义相符外，大多采用意译法，且形成固定搭配：
·The products are sold well at home and abroad.
·The products are good sellers at home and abroad. ·The products enjoy fast sales at home and abroad. ·The products enjoy popular sales at home and abroad.
·The products have commanded a good market at home and abroad.
·There is a promising market for the products at home and abroad.
·There will be good prospects for the products at home and abroad.
类似的还有“深受客户欢迎”：
英语商务信函常用句型范文第3篇
关键词商务英语信函 文体特征 翻译
自从实行改革开放政策以来,我国的对外贸易取得了迅速的发展,而英语又是国际语言,因此英语商务信函的写作及翻译就显得尤其重要。
对于商人来说 ,时间就是金钱。他们每天要处理大量的事情,时间宝贵,因此要求商务信函简洁明了,而不需要象文学作品那样讲究华丽的词藻和修辞。另一方面,商务上主要牵涉到利益关系,因此商务信函要求表述要准确完整,意思要清晰明了,内容要具体详实,否则,如果引起歧义或误解,就可能导致商业纠纷,甚至闹上法庭。另外,商务英语信函也需注意语气的礼貌,常常要体现对方本位(you-attitude)的心态。商人毕竟也是人,用语礼貌,注重礼节,措辞委婉,多从对方角度出发考虑问题,可以营造一个友好和谐的氛围,对于业务的发展是大有裨益的。下面笔者将从词汇和句法两个层面论述商务英语信函的特征:
1 词汇
(1)用词较正式,通常用正式词代替普通词。商务英语属于正式的公函语体,因此在商务英语信函中常常用正式词代替普通词,以显示规范正式、公事公办的态度。如常用inform或advise取代tell。
We have pleasure in informing you that we can accept all the stipulations but the packing.
现欣然奉告,除了包装之外,我方接受所有的规定。
(2)使用大量的商业术语、缩略语。商务英语是专门用途英语(English for special purposes)中的一个分支,因此有其专业性,专业术语也比较多。商人又比较重视时间和效率,对于一些业内公认的单词或表达法通常使用缩略语以节省时间,而且也显得比较专业。如:表示价格条款的FOB(free on board离岸价格)等;表示支付方式的L/C(letter of credit信用证)等;表示单证方面的有C/O(certificate of origin产地证)等。
(3)一些普通词在商务英语中具有特殊意义。在商务英语中,有些普通词具有特殊的意义。例如, policy一词表示“政策”,但在商务英语中通常表示“保单”,open policy就表示“预约保单”,floating policy则表示“流动保单”。如下例:
Thank you for your letter of May 18 quoting your rate for an open policy of 30,000 pounds covering consignments on the routes named.
感谢你方5月18日来信,报来了承保上述航线货价30,000英镑货物预约保单的费率。
2 句法
2.1 使用大量的套语、固定句型
“社交套语是特定的语言社团在长期的风俗习惯中所凝练成的一些现成的、专为表达社交礼节用的公式化的套式(formula) ,英语称之为phatic communion(寒暄语) 。它在商务信函中十分常见。由于商务信函是商务往来的媒介,它决定了贸易双方能否建立友好的贸易关系和塑造良好的商业形象。因此,英汉商务信函均十分重视礼貌和文雅的原则,充分使用社交套语。”(陈冬纯,2002:92)例如:
(1)We acknowledge receipt of your letter. 贵函敬悉。
(2)You are requested to kindly look into the matter. 敬希查明。
从以上例句可以看出,商务英语中通常使用acknowledge,regret等较正式的词语,kindly等较客气礼貌的词,以及被动语态来体现庄重、礼貌的态度。
2.2 陈述句表示祈使意义
在贸易往来中,因买卖双方是平等的地位,而且要保持友好的合作氛围,所以在一方希望或要求另一方采取某个行为时,往往不用祈使句,而使用陈述句。如:
We shall be glad if you will issue an a/r open policy for 50,000 pounds to cover these shipments from our warehouse at the above address to port of destination.
如果你们能签发保额为50,000英镑的一切险预约保险单,对这几批货物从上述地址货仓至目的地港进行保险,我们将甚为欣慰。
3 商务英语信函的翻译
纽马克把不同的文本按照其功能分为三类,即表达感情型(expressive);传递信息型(informative);劝说诱导型(vocative)。笔者认为商务英语信函以介绍及推销产品、价格谈判、确认包装、付款方式等方面的信息为主,因此属于传递信息型。所以,在翻译过程中,应以准确传递原文的信息及语气为主要目的。
无论是英语的商务信函还是汉语的商务信函都包含大量的套语和固定表达方式,因此在翻译的时候不适宜逐字逐句地翻译,而应当采取套译与直译相结合的方式,以达到原文与译文在文风及语气方面的对等。
3.1 套译
在长期的贸易往来中,在商务贸易这个特定的社交社团里形成了大量的套语。要准确地翻译商务英语信函,必须对商务英语和商务汉语的套语都要熟悉。如当接到对方函件时,英语中一般使用的表达有:
(1)We have received your letter of...
(2)We acknowledge receipt of your letter。
汉语中也有意思相当的表达法,因此翻译成汉语时,可套译为:
(1) 贵方€兹盏睦春障ぁ?
(2) 贵函敬悉。
当通知对方事情时,英语中一般使用的表达有:
(1)We are pleased to inform you that…
(2)Please kindly note that …
翻译成汉语时,可套译为“特此奉告”、 “谨告知……”、“现欣然奉告……”等。
3.2 直译
汉译商务英语信函时,除了固定的表达法使用套译以外,其余的主要信息内容以直译为主。直译时应注意两个方面:
一是注意分析从句之间或修饰语与被修饰语之间的关系。在商务信函中,有时为了使句子意思表达准确完整,通常使用从句套从句的长句或者使用大量的修饰定语。这种情况下,应仔细理清从句与从句之间、定语与修饰语之间的关系,再进行翻译。例如:
Please arrange to send the consignment by road to London to be shipped by S.S. Western Star, due to sail for Sydney on June 25 and to load at No. 7 Dock as from the 20th, and ensure that all cases are clearly marked and numbered as shown in our official order.
请安排由公路将这批货运到伦敦,然后预备由“西方之星”轮承运。该船定于6月25日驶往悉尼,从6月20日起开始在第7号码头装货。同时,请确保所有的箱子都按正式订单的说明清楚地刷上标志和号码。
在这句话里,修饰语很多。要弄清楚其间的关系才能准确翻译。 “by road”, “ to London”, “to be shipped by S.S. Western Star”都是修饰consignment一词的,而 “due to sail for Sydney on June 25”和 “to load at No. 7 Dock as from the 20th” 则是修饰S.S. Western Star的, ensure是arrange的并列成分。弄清楚这些关系以后,翻译起来就轻松多了。
二是要注意翻译的准确性,尤其是专业术语的准确性。在商务交流这个语言社团里,很多表达法都是约定俗成,无法通过字面意思猜测出来的。这就需要平时多积累专业术语方面的知识。比如“开立信用证”是习惯的说法,如果将establish a L/C翻译成“建立信用证”就很不合适了。又如 “particular average”一词在保险业中表示“单独海损”,用来指船舶或某一批特定的货物意外地造成损失或损坏而由遭受损失的货主承担的损失。又如:
As requested, we have covered insurance for the shipment against WPA, TPND, SRCC and War Risk.
按照你方要求,我们已将货物投保水渍险、偷窃提货不着险、罢工、暴动、民变险和战争险。
以上例子,如果没有掌握WPA, TPND, SRCC, War Risk这些词的准确意思,翻译时将会一头雾水。
总之,翻译商务英语信函,一定要清楚了解英文和中文商务英语信函的文体特征,再对症下药进行翻译,才能被译语读者接受。
参考文献
[1]黄水乞.贸易书信范例(上下册) [M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2000.
[2]周立人.动态等值理论在商务英语翻译中的应用[J].国际商务研究,2000(1):59~63.
[3]郭智颖.外贸英语的文体特征及准确翻译[J].广西大学学报(哲学社会科学 版),2000(12):112~114.
[4]陈冬纯.商贸翻译的若干问题探讨[J].广东商学院学报,2002(4):92~95.
[5]霍显斌,刘冰泉.英文商务E-mail 的语言特点及其翻译原则[J].南昌航空工业学院学报,2001 (6):76~78.
[6]杜展.谈商务英语信函翻译的语体对等[J].石家庄铁路职业技术学院学报,2005 (6):77~80.
英语商务信函常用句型范文第4篇
良好的开端等于成功的一半.在写作文时，通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说, 直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求，点出文章的中心思想。
1.议论文：
A. Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages.
B. Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient.
C. When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However,...
D. Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside.
E. As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life.
F. Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view.
2. 书信：
A. I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar.
B. I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job...
C. Thank you for your letter of May 5.
D. How happy I am to receive your letter of January 9.
E. How nice to hear from you again.
3. 口头通知或介绍情况：
A. Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please. I have an announcement to make.
B. Attention, please. I have something important to tell you.
C. Mr. Green, Welcome to our school. To begin with, let me introduce Mr. Wang to you.
4. 演讲稿：
A. Ladies and gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject -- A Balance Diet and Health.
B. Good morning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest.
二.并列用语：
as well as, not only…but (also), including,
A. Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily life.
B. All of us, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture.
C. He speaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and Frenchas well.=He speaks not only English but also French.
D. E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.
三.对比用语：
on one hand ,on the other hand,on the contrary/contrary to ..., though, for one thing ;for another, nevertheless
A. I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid pictures.
B. It is hard work; I enjoy it though.
C. Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun.
四. 递进用语：
even, besides, what’s more, as for,so…that…, worse still, moreover, furthermore; but for, in addition, to make matters worse
A. The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location.
五. 例证用语：
in one’s opinion,that is to say,for example, for instance, as a matter of fact, in fact, namely
A. As a matter of fact, advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
B. There is one more topic to discuss, namely/that is ( to say ), the question of education.
六. 时序用语：
first/firstly, meanwhile, before long, ever since, while, at the same time, in the meantime, shortly after, nowadays,
A. They will be here soon. Meanwhile, let’s have coffee.
B. Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty.
七. 强调用语：
especially, indeed, at least, at the most, What in the world/on earth.. , not at all ,
A. Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.
B What in the world/on earth are you doing?
八. 因果用语：
thanks to, because, as a result, because of/as a result of , without, with the help of..., owe ...to...
A. The company has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in export sales.
B. As a result, many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance Examinations.
九. 总结用语：
in short; briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking, in a word, as you know, as is known to all
A. Generally speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending letters.
英语商务信函常用句型范文第5篇
1. 关于„„人们有不同的观点。一些人认为„„
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2.俗话说(常言道)„„，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍
然适用。
There is an old saying______. Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 现在，„„，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，„„;其次，„„。更为
糟糕的是„„。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.
4. 现在，„„很普遍，许多人喜欢„„，因为„„，另外(而且) „„。
Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.
5.任何事物都是有两面性，„„也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 关于„„人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)„„，在他们看来，„„
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题„„，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8. „„已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
8. „„在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许 多好处，但同时也
引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
9. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出„„。很显
然„„，但是为什么呢?
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why?
英语写作万能公式
1. 开头万能公式一： 经典句型： A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言) 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that„
2. 开头万能公式二：数字统计句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造： Honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Travel by Bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 Youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： A recent statistics shows that „写作绝招
结尾万能公式：
1. 结尾万能公式一：
比如下面的例子： Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： Thus, it can be concluded that„, Therefore, we can find that„
2. 结尾万能公式二： Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 更多句型： Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
3. 揭示主题： As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
4.To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、 一 二 三原则1first, second, third, last(俗) 2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(俗) 3)the first, the second, the third, the last(俗) 4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(俗) 5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) 6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) 7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) 8)most important of all, moreover, finally 9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) 10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)
用短语，比如： I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。
五、 多实少虚原则 原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如： 走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the
room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩!
六、 多变句式原则 1)加法(串联) 都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说： I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用： besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2)转折(拐弯抹角) 批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语： despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 3)因果(so, so, so) 昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友„可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语： then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that 4)失衡句(头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重) 有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。 举例：This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分： When to go, Why he goes away„
5)附加(多此一举) 如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他;或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 6)排比(排山倒海句) 文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our
potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!
七、 挑战极限原则 既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀! 原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如： The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪! 写作绝招 文章主体段落三大杀手锏：
一、举实例 思维短路，举实例!提出一个观点，举实例!提出一个方案，举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子! In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as
sound, light, colors, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they film him or her 更多句型： To take„as an example, One example is„,Another example is„, for example
二、做比较 方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的; 世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语： 相似的比较： in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较： on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with „, „ 这个对 compare and contrast 题型很有用
三、换言之 没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. I am wild about you. In other words, I have
英语商务信函常用句型范文第6篇
四、六级考试写作部分的阅卷精神，要判为高分(14分)的作文，除满足切题、表达思想清楚、文字通顺、基本上无语言错误等要求外，还必须有“闪光点”。所谓的“闪光点”是指文中的某些句子漂亮、地道，能体现考生较高的驾驭语言的能力。由于现阶段我国以培养学生能力为主的语言教学尚处于起步阶段，外语学习环境还有待改善，因此，要在短期提高学生的写作能力必须有一定的技巧。本章所编写的英语写作常用句型是给学生输入大量惯用的经典、地道的英语句子，供学生模仿和学用。众所周知，语言学习的过程本身就是一个模仿的过程这里所罗列的几百个句型包括了大学英语和研究生英语入学考试题型和文体。考生在熟悉这些句型后，考试时就能信手拈来，为己所用，写出有“闪光点”、句式有变化的高分作文。
7.1文章开头常用句型
万事开头难，写作也莫不如此。正如英语谚语所说，好的开端等于成功的一半(A good beginning is half-done)。加之在阅卷时，文章的开头就是你给阅卷老师的第一印象，因此，掌握好文章开头的技巧显得十分重要。
7.1.1说明现象的常用句型
任何事物的发生与发展都属于某种社会现象或倾向。文章开头时直截了当的提出这种现象，然后进行说明或评论。这种开头方法开门见山，使读者一目了然 。
(1) Recently the phenomenon ( problem , issue ) of „ has aroused considerable concern . (近来，„„现象/问题已引起了)
(2) Recently the phenomenon ( question ,problem ) of „ has been brought to public attention. (3) One of the pressing (biggest) problems facing our society today is……
(4) One of the hottest topics (most serious problem, most popular things) many people talk about now is… (5) Here and there across the country, a(n) increasing number of……
(6) With the development of science and tachnology, more and more……
(7) Nowadays (Currently/, Recently), there is a growing tendency that……
(8) In the past few years, there has been a dramatic growth (decline) in……
(9) Whenever you see (find) „ ,you cannot help being astonished ( surprised) by „ (每当你看到/发现„„，你会不禁为„„感到惊讶不已。)
7.1.2阐述对立观点的常用句型
在写作中，当作者要对某个问题提出自己的观点看法时，一般常在文章开头引出人们对所给出问题的不同看法。这种开头方法常用于对某个问题进行争论的议论文体。
(1)When asked about… , the vast majority of people think (believe, say) that …;But other people think (believe, regard, say) that …(当问及„„的时候，绝大多数人认为/说„„。但也有人认为/说„„)
(2)When it comes to …, some people think (believe) that…; Others argue (claim) that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth in both statement, but…(当谈到„„时，有些人认为/相信„„;另一些人却持相反的观点。这两种观点也许都有点道理，但是„„)
(3)There is a much controversy (discussion) nowadays about the problem (issue) of … Those who criticize (oppose, object to) argue that… They believe that…But people who favor (advocate)…, on the other hand, claim (assert) that…(现在围绕„„问题正展开热烈的争论/讨论。那些批评/反对的人认为„„;另一方面，那些赞同/提倡这个„„的人却认为„„)
(4)These days we often hear about…They claim (argue, say) that…But is it true? Close analysis (examination) doesn’t bear out the claim (argument) .(最近，我们经常听到关于„„他们声称„„。果真如此吗?仔细分析一下，就证明这种观点站
英语写作常用句型 不住脚。
(5)Now a lot of people believe that…But although…, there is no (little) evidence that…(现在许多人都认为„„尽管„„，却没有证据表明„„)
7.1.3用引用法开头的常用句型
在写作中，所谓的引用就是用人们熟悉的名人名言，常用的谚语、习语、警句等作为文章的开头。这样的开头既生动、富有哲理，又一下子点明了文章的主题，能起到引人入胜的效果。
(1)One of the great men (writers, philosophers, scientists) once said (remarked) that… If this is the case , then the present situation (view , attitude) should make us wonder whether…(有一位伟人/作家/哲学家/科学家曾经说过„„如果是这样的话，目前的趋势/观点应使我们沉思，是否„„)
(2) “Knowledge is power ”. Such is the remark made by Bacon. More and more people have shared this view now.(“知识就是力量”，这是培根的名言。这个观点已为越来越多的人所接受。)
(3) Awareness of ignorance is the beginning of wisdom”.Such is the opinion of one of the greastest men. This remark has confirmed time and time again by many historical events.(“意识到无知便是智慧的开端”，这是一位伟人的名言。这句话一次又一次地被许多历史事实所证实。)
(4) “…”. We are used to hearing such words like those.(“„„”，我们常常听到这样的说法。) (5) “…”. How often we hear such complaint as this!(“„„”我们多么常常听到像这样的抱怨。)
(6) “…”.That’s how one college student (citizen ,official) describe the… Many people have shared the experience like this.(这是一位大学生/市民/官员说起„„的时候的话。许多都与他/她有着同样的经历。)
7.1.4用提问法开头的常用句型
提问法主要用于展开讨论或对有争议性的问题发问。文章的开头用一个即将讨论或解答的问题设问，可以引起思考，唤起联想，立即把读者引入作者的讨论之中，激起读者的浓厚兴趣。
(1) Should (What) …? Attitudes towards (opinions of) …vary from person to person.Some think of(regard,view) …as…Others argue (believe, claim) that…(„„应不应该„„/„„是„„?不同的人对此有不同的态度/看法。有些人认为„„是„„;其他人却争论/认为„„)
(2) How do you think of…? In reply to this question, we must …(你怎样看待„„?在回答这个问题时，我们必须„„) (3) What do you think of …? In answer to this question, we should…(你认为„„是„„?要回答这个问题，我们应当„„)
(4) “Why do (have) …?”Many people often ask the question like this.(为什么„„?许多人经常问这样的问题。) (5)What is…? By my understanding, …is…(什么是„„?据我理解，„„是„„)
7.1.5用于比较法开头的常用句型
(1) For years, …has been viewed (regarded) as…But people are taking a fresh look at it now. (多年来，„„被认为是„„。但是，现在人们正以新的眼光看待它。) (2) Until recently, …was seen (viewed) as …However , that is changing now. (直到最近，„„被认为是„„。可是，现在这种情况正在发生变化。) (3) People used to think that …in the past …But things are quite different now. (在过去，人们常常认为„„。但现在情况却与以往很不同了。) (4) It was once thought that … in the old days, … But few people now share this view. (在过去，人们曾经认为„„。到现在几乎没有人再持有这种观点。)
(5) Several years ago, people…Now people … Why has such a change taken place? (几年前，人们„„。现在，人们„„。为什么会发生这样的变化呢?)
(6) After a good many years of efforts to …, people begin to …(经过多年的努力，人们开始„„) (6) It is a traditional many practice (way) to … But now the pendulum has swung in the opposite direction. („„是一个传统习惯。但现在钟摆转到反的方向去了。)
(7) In recent years, there is a general tendeney to … According to a study (survey, poll), there is X percent of…., compared with Y percent last year. Why…(最近几年，有一个„„的趋势。根据一项研究/民意调查，和去年的Y%相比，今年有X%的„„。为什么会„„呢?)
7.1.6 用于故事法开头的常用句型
在写作中，一开始就讲述一个作者自己或他人生活中的故事，用生动而熟悉的趣事紧紧地吸引住读者，然后再引 入主题。以故事法弄开首的文章常使用人们习惯的句型，或讲时间、 或谈地点 、或讲某人„„，与读者思路相通，感情相近。这些故事要和将要讨论的主题相关，它们可从日常生活中轻车熟路地信手。
(1)Some month ago (last Sunday), a friend of mine…The story is not rare. It is one of thousand of…(几个月前/上个星期天，我的一个朋友„„。这个故事并不偶然，它是千百万个„„之一。)
(2)The other day, I … The case is not unusual. It is typical of…(有一天，我„„。这个故事非偶然，它是„„的典型事例之一。)
(3)Once in a street (hospital, newspaper), I saw (learnt) …The problem (phenomenon) of …has aroused nationwide (public) attention (concern).(一次在街上/医院里/报纸上，我看到/了解到„„。这个„„问题/现象已引起全国范围内/公众的广泛关注。)
(4)Once upon a time there was a man who…The story may be unbelievable, but it still has a realistic significance today.(从前，有一个„„的人。这个故事也许令人难以置信，但直到今天，它仍然有现实意义。)
(5)I have a friend who…Such a problem we often meet in our daily life .(我有一个朋友，他/她„„。在我们的日常生活中常常会遇到这样的问题。)
7.1.7用于以观点法开头的常用句型
文章开宗明义第一句就直接点出主题或阐明自己对某个问题的看法。这样的开头直截了当，开门见山，第一句就是全文的中心或主题。
(1)Nothing is more important (foolish, undesirable, essential) than …which is commonly held by…(没有比„„更重要/愚蠢/令人讨厌的了。现在„„普遍持有这种„„。)
(2)Nowhere in the world has the idea of …been more popular than …(世界上没有哪个地方比在„„更流行„„的观点了。)
(3)Maybe it is time to have a fresh look at the idea /attitude that…(也许现在给我们以新的眼光看待„„的观点了。) (4)Now people in increasing numbers are beginning to recognize (realize, be aware, accept) that…(现在越来越多的人开始意识到/接受„„。)
(5)Now people become increasingly aware of the need (importance) of… (现在人们日益意识到„„的需要/重要。)
7.1.8以定义法开头的常用句型
以定义法开头的文章，常对一种事物的本质特征或一个概念的内涵和外延作确切而简要的说明。这样，读者会逻辑地围绕定义思考下文。
(1) What is …? …refers to …(什么是„„?„„指的是„„。)
(2) The term “…” here means that …(这里，术语“„„”意思是„„。)
(3) When we talk about …, most of us think that …is …(当我们谈论„„的时候，我们大多数人认为„„是„„。)
7.2文章正文部分的常用句型
正文部分是文章的灵魂和精髓所在，该部分写作质量的好坏与文章的得分密切相关。正文部分其实就是对文章的主题进行深化、说明、论证，用令人信服的事例、推理等各种方法来支持、阐述主题。下面列举出写作该部分常用的方法及句型。
7.2.1用因果法论述的常用句型
任何事物的发生与发展都不是偶然的，在它的背后一定有某种原因。同样，某种原因必然能导致一定的结果。原因和结果间并不完全一一对应，常常会出现一果多因或一因多果的情况。因果法在分析和解释某一事物，某一现象时十分常用。
(1) There are probably many (several, a number of) reasons for this dramatic change in …First…Second…Finally...(也许„„显著变化的原因有许多/好几个。第一„„第二„„第三„„)
(2) Why did (have are) …? For one thing …For another …Perhaps the most important reason is…(为什么会„„?首先，„„其次，„„也许最重要的原因是„„)
(3) It is not easy to offer the reasons for this phenomenon which involves several complicated factors .For some… For others… (要说出该现象的理由不容易，因为这种现象涉及了好几个复杂的因素。一些„„;另一些„„)
(4) You don’t have to look very far to find out the reason why …(找到„„的原因不很费力。)
(5) Why …? The answer to this question involves many complex factors (reasons). In the first place,…In the second place,…Firstly,…(为什么„„?回答这个问题要涉及到许多复杂的因素/原因。首先，„„;其次，„„;最后，„„)
(6) A number of factors could account for (contribute to, lead to, result in) the…(许多因素将说明/导致„„)
(7) The cause for…perhaps, are complicated. They include…Perhaps the main cause is…(„„的原因也许很复杂。它们包括„„。也许主要原因是„„)
(8) Thanks to (Owing to, Due to, Because of, As a result of) …(多亏/由于/因为„„) (9) …not only because …but alse because…(„„不仅是因为„„，同时也由于„„) (10) One tends to regard the …as a result of…(人们往往把„„认为是„„的结果。) (11) …is partly (solely) responsible for the …(„„要对„„负部分/全部责任。)
(12) There are a number of grave consequences of …Perhaps the most consequence is…(这里有很多„„的严重后果。或许最严重的后果是„„)
(13) It will exert a profound influence on…(它将对„„产生深远的影响。)
(14) The effect of …has not been confined to …It alse …(„„的影响不久局限于„„。它也„„) (15) It brings some serious consequences of…(它带来了一些„„的严重后果。)
7.2.2用于比较、对照论述时常用的句型
在写作中，特别是在写议论文时，常常要对两种观点或两个事物进行比较与对照，分析它们各自的优劣，然后得出令人信服的结论，做出正确的选择。
(1) The advantages of A are much greater than the disadvantages A entails.(A的优点比它的缺点大得多。)
(2) The advantages derived from A far outweigh the disadvantages from B.(和B相比我们从A中换取的益处更大。) (3) Although A has a advantage of …, it can’t be compared with B in…(尽管A在„„方面有更大的优势，但在„„方面却不能和B相比。)
(4) When then advantage and disadvantage are compared , the most striking conclusion is quite obvious. (当对其优、缺点进行对比时，最清楚的结论就显而易见了。)
(5) A means nothing when B is taken into consideration.(当考虑到B的时候，A就没有什么意义了。)
(6) Indeed, A plays a more /less important role when compared with B.(的确，和B相比，A起着更重要/不很重要的作用。)
(7) A may be superior to B, but it has its own problems.For one thing …For another …(A也许优于B，但它自身也存在问题。首先，„„;其次，„„)
(8) In spite of disadvantages B has, it has its beneficial affects.(尽管B有这些劣势，但它还有其有利的方面。)
(9) There is no doubt that it has both negative affects and positive affects.(毫无疑问，它既有副作用也有积极的作用。) (10) However, it is not without weaknesses (limits) .The principal one is …Besides, …(不过，它并不是没有缺点/局限。主要的缺点/局限是„„。此外，„„)
(11) A and B have several things in common .Both …(A和B在许多地方有共同之处。它们两者都„„) (12) There are some marked differences between A and B. Unlike B, A…(A和B之间有显著的区别。和B不同，A„„) (13) A and B are different in several ways .(A和B在好几个方面都有不同之处。) (14) A…, on the contrary (on the other hand, whereas) B…(A„„，相反/而B„„)
(15) Both A and B …But they are quite different as to …Unlike B, A…(A和B都„„。但就„„方面来说。它们有很大的差异。和B不同，A„„)
7.2.3用于批评驳斥某种观点时的常用句型
不破则不立。写作者要阐述自己的观点，常需要对不同的或不赞成的观点进行批驳。写作时，一般先引出要驳斥的观点，然后直接进行批驳。
(1)Although everyone believes that …I doubt whether the argument bears much analysis.(尽管人人都认为„„，我怀疑这个论点是否经得住分析。)
(2)Although the popular belief is that …, a recent study (survey, investigation) reveals that… (尽管普遍认为„„，但最近的一项研究/调查揭示„„。)
(3)While the tendency to … is understandable, one may wonder whether …is fair.(虽然„„的趋势是可以理解的，但人们可能会想这„„是否公平。)
(4)Although it is widely accepted that …,it is unlikely to be true that…(尽管大家都认为„„，但„„却不大可能是真的。)
(5)Many people claim (argue) that But this claim (argument) may be questioned.(许多人声称/争论说„„。但这种观点值得怀疑。)
(6)The majority of people have been taken in by the idea that …There is no such thing as the good …for …(大多数人都被„„观点所欺骗。对„„来说，事情却没有那么好。)
(7)They may be right in saying that …, but they seen to fail to take notice of the fact that …(他们说„„，那也许是正确的，但他们是乎没有注意到„„)
(8)It is true that …, but it doesn’t follow that …(„„这是对的，但这并不等于说„„)
(9)Admittedly, …, but it doesn’t necessary mean that…(必须承认，„„但这并不意味„„)
(10)Some people suggest that…But what these people fail to see is that…(有人建议„„。但那些被人们忽视的是„„) (11)There is an element of truth in these arguments, but they ignore a deeper and more essential fact…(在这些论点里的确有正确的成分，但他们忽视了一个更深层次、更重要的事实„„)
(12)This opinion sounds reasonable at first thought .A close analysis of it , however ,would reveal how groundless it is.(咋一想，这个观点听起来有道理。不过，仔细分析发现它是多么站不住脚啊。) (13)Some people argue that…but more often than not, the opposite is usually true. (14)It takes no sense to argue for …, but object to…(有些人认为„„，但通常正确的却是相反)
(15)It would be foolish to believe that…And it would be more foolish to think that…(相信„„是愚蠢的。认为„„就更加愚蠢。)
(16)The fatal flaw in the view is that it fails to take …into account.(这个观点的致命错误是它没有考虑到„„)
7.2.4用于举例说明时常用的句型
在写作中作者为了说明自己的观点，往往需要引用具体的事例加以说明。这些例子由于是发生在我们生活周围活生生的具体事例或为我们所熟知的事件、他人(一般常是广为人知的人物)轶事，因而显得真实可信，具有很强的说服力。
(1)For example (For instance)…(例如„„)
(2)…is frequently cited as a common example of…(„„是一个经常被引用的例子。) (3)A good case in point is best provided by…(„„提供了一个恰当的例子。) (4)As an example of …we may take… (作为„„的例子，我们可以列举„„) (5)This society is filled with the examples of…(社会中充满了„„的例子。) (6)Take , for example , a man who…(例如，有一个„„人。)
(7)A very similar example can be cited from…(可以引用的相似的例子是„„)
(8)Numerous other instances might be quoted easily, but this will be sufficient to show that…(还可以很容易地引用其它无数的事例，但这已足够说明„„)
(9)Let us suppose (imagine) that you…Would you …? 我们来假设你„„。你将„„?) (10)Just think of…(思考一下„„)
(11)Just imagine what would happen if …(想象一下如果„„，将发生什么呢?)
7.2.5用于推理论述的常用句型
推理法常用于分析阐述作者观点，引出作者的判断和见解;通过假设、让步等推理手段来得出结论。 (1)It seems quite unlikely (possible, likely, impossible) that…(„„似乎有可能/不可能。) (2)There is very chance (likelihood, possibility) that…(„„似乎很可能。) (3)Chances are that…(很可能„„)
(4)It is perhaps more accurate to say that…(说„„，也许更正确些。) (5)It is extremely necessary to say that…(说„„，这非常必要的。) (6)It is …that really matters (counts) …(„„是真正重要的。)
(7)What really disturbs (interests, surprises) us is…(使我们真正烦恼/感兴趣/吃惊的是„„) (8)It is shocking to find that…(令人震惊地发现„„) (9)No wonder that…(无怪乎„„)
(10)We have much to be said for (against) the view that…(我们很有理由支持/反对„„)
(11)We can …; we can…But we can never…(我们可以„„;我们可以„„。但我们永远不能„„)
(12)Traditionally, our society has held a negative attitude toward…(从传统上讲，我们社会一直对„„持否定态度。) (13)If that is the case, we may…(如果是那样的话，我们可以„„)
(14)If our efforts were devoted to…, we would…(如果我们致力„„的话，我们将会„„) (15)Anyone with the slightest knowledge of…knows that…(稍有点„„知识的人都知道„„) (16)A careful study of…can help us to…(对„„仔细的研究可以帮助我们„„) (17)It is almost impossible that …(没有„„，„„几乎是不可能的。) (18)The more…the more…(„„越„„，„„就越„„)
7.2.6用于引用数据进行论证的常用句型
写作时，作者常引用一些统计数据把问题呈现在读者面前，然后加以分析。这些数据来源非常广泛，常见的主要借助于报刊、电视等大致媒体，社会机构或政府部门公布的调查数据和结果。用这些具体的数据作为论证材料，使读者觉得生动和真实可信。
(1)According to the recent survey (poll, consults) ,…has increased (decreased,spiraled) …from X percent to Y percent (at a rate of X percent,by X percent, to X percent) …(根据最近的一次调查/名义调查/普查，„„从X%增加/降低/上升到Y%;„„以X%的比例上升。„„增加/降低了/到X%。)
(2)According to the national Health Organization, …increased X times compared with 1990 (from1981 to 1998).(据世界卫生组织统计，和1990年相比/从1981到1998，„„增加了X倍。)
(3)A report by the State Statistical Bureau points out that the number of …is half (twice) as much as the national average. (国家统计局的一份报告指出，„„数量是全国平均数的一半/两倍。)
(4)According to reliable (official) statistics (data) provide by …the percentage (rats, number) has almost doubled, as against (compared with) 1990.(据可靠/官方统计，和1990年相比，这个比例/数字已几乎增长了一倍。)
(5)It makes up X percent of the total.(它占总数的X%。)
7.3文章结尾常用句型
众所周知，任何文章只要有头就要有尾，以使整篇文章结构完整、和谐。从历年阅卷的经验来看，任何虎头蛇尾的文章都不可能获得好的成绩。一般来讲，文章的结尾对整篇文章起三个重要作用：一是总结全文，使其前后照应，从而加强读者对文章要点的印象;二是提出解决所论及问题的方案或建议;三是促使读者对该问题的前景或未来发展趋势进行深层次的思索。
7.3.1用于总结法结尾的常用句型
总结性的句型主要用于通过文章前面内容的讨论，进而总结出文章的中心思想和主要观点。 (1)From what has been discussed above, we may safely come to the conclusion that…(从上面的讨论我们可以有把握地得出结论„„)
(2)Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably reach the conclusion that…(考虑到所有的这些因素，我们有理由得出结论„„)
(3)The analysis we have made leads to an unshakable conclusion that…(从我们所作的分析，可以得出一个不可动摇的结论„„)
(4)In a word, we should…(总之，我们应该„„)
(5)In conclusion, it is more important than…(总之，它比„„更重要。)
7.3.2用于预示后果的常用句型
在作者表明自己的观点、态度以及建议后，有时用揭示后果型句子来说明如果某一问题得不到解决，或不采取某种措施、行动的话，将会产生某些不良甚而严重的后果，进而更加引起读者对文章主题的关注。
(1)We must look (search) for an immediate measure (action), because the present situation of …If it is allowed to continue , it will certainly reasult in the heavy cost of … (我们应该寻求一个立即解决的措施，因为目前„„的趋势。如果听任其发展下去，就会给„„造成重大损失。)
(2)No doubt, if we can’t improve the situation, it is very likely that …will put in danger.(毫无疑问，如果我们不能改变这种状况，很有可能有„„的危险。)
(3)Obviously, if we are blind to the problem ,the chances are that …will be put in danger .(很明显，如果我们对这个问视而不见，很可能有„„的危险。)
(4)Any person who ignores the warning would pay a heavy price!(任何忽视这个警告的人将付出沉重的代价。)
(5)Any society that fails to learn from the lesson would come to no good end.(任何社会如不从中吸取教训，必将产生不良的后果。)
(6)We need to take a fresh look at the matter more seriously, otherwise ,we are doomed to fail.(我们需要以新的眼光更加严肃地看待这一问题，否则，我们注定会失败的。)
7.3.3用于以建议结尾的常用句型
在文章作者揭示出所存在的问题，表明自己的观点、立场后，常常在文章结尾时针对该问题的解决提出建议性的意见。其中包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法。
(1)It is suggested that great efforts should be made to achieve the goal.(有人建议，为实现这个目标，应作出更大的努力) (2)In short , we should …;we must …(总之，我们应该„„;我们必须„„。)
(3)In any case , it must …;it ought to …(在任何情况下，它必须„„;它必须„„) (4)We need to …; we need to …(我们需要„„;我们需要„„)
(5)What we need is …; what we need is …(我们所需要的是„„;我们所需要的是„„)
(6)It is high time that … Here are a few examples of some of the measures that might be taken immediately.(该到了„„的时候了。这里只是现在应该立即采取的措施的几个例子。)
(7)Although it can’t be solved immediately, still there are ways.The most important is …Another way is…(尽管它不可能立即得到解决，但还是有办法的。最重要的是„„。另外一个办法是„„)
(8)Awareness of the problem is the first step toward the solution.(意识到这个问题是解决它的第一步。)
7.3.4用于说明重大意义的常用句型
如果作者在结尾时明确指出所讨论问题的重大意义，读者就会更加重视该问题。让读者认识到该问题的解决将会产生的深远意义及光辉前景，以引起他们的共鸣。
(1)Following these methods may not solve all the problems, but they are worth the efforts.It will benefit …;it will contribute …(也许遵照这些方法不能解决所有的问题，但它们值得去努力。它将利于„„;它将助于„„)
(2)The suggestions mentioned above may not guaranyee the success, but they deserve our efforts.It will help …;it will benefit …(上面所提出的建议也许不能保证成功，但它们值得我们去努力。它将助于„„;它将利于„„)
(3)The importance of …cannot be overstressed. It will…; it can …(„„的重要性再怎样强调也不过分。它将„„;它能„„)
(4)The significance of … cannot be overemphasized.It can…; it will…(„„的重大意义再怎样强调也不过分。它能„„;它将„„)
(5)Anyhow it has a profound influence, for it stands for a sharp break with the traditional notion of…(无论怎样，它有着深远的影响，因为它和传统的„„观念有很大的区别。)
(6)Anyway, whether it does us good or harm, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly …(不过，无论它对我们是有害还是有益，有一点是肯定的，那就是它无疑将„„)
(7)We are entering a new era which requires …(我们正进入一个新的纪元，它要求„„)
7.3.5用于以号召结尾的常用句型
作者提出建议和指出重要性后，许多问题作者作为个人肯定无法解决，所以，他必须呼吁读者行动起来，或督促相关部门采取行动或对所讨论的问题引起高度重视。
(1)It might be time to take the advice of…and to put special emphasis on the improvement of…(应该到听取„„建议并特别重视„„的改善的时候了。)
(2)It is time that we put an immediate end to the unhealthy phenomenon of…(该我们马上结束„„这种不良的现象了。) (3)It is essentinl that effective measures shoud be taken to prevent the tendence.(采取各种措施防止这种趋势非常重要。) (4)There is no doubt that further attention must be paid to the problem of…(毫无疑问，一定要进一步地重视„„问题。) (5)Obviously, …. If we want to …, it is vital that …(显然，„„。如果我们要想„„，„„就很重要)
7.3.6用于以引用语结尾的常用句型
如果说引用语作为文章开头能起到点明主题、引人入胜的效果的话，以引言作为文章结尾却能达到画龙点睛，一语概括全文的效果。这样的结尾呼照前文、生动、富有哲理，使读者回味无穷。
(1)Edison is right in saying that …(爱迪生说„„，这是正确的。) (2) “No pains, no gains.” Yes, if you …, you … should …(“不劳就无获”。是啊，如果你要„„，你就应该„„) (3)Yes, as …once said,”…”(是啊，正如„„曾经说过：“„„”)
7.3.7用于联系自己谈感想的常用句型
对某个问题有了解的办法和方向以后，除了建议人怎么做以外，写作者应联系自己的实际表明为该问题的解决尽某方面的努力。这种从我做起的态度具诚、真挚的效果，更令读者信服。
(1)As a young college student, I should be aware of…(作为一个大学生，我应该意识到„„)
(2)As builders of the 21st century, we should be responsible for…(作为21世纪的建设者，我们应对„„负责任。) (3)As a youth of new China, I will…otherwise, I will not live up to…’s expectation.(作为新中国青年，我将„„。否则我将辜负„„的希望。)
7.4图表作文写作常用句型
图表作文是大学英语
四、六级考试和研究生英语考试中常见题型，掌握其常用句型十分重要。由于它只是属于论说文中的一种，因此许多相关句型我们在前面第部分(文章正文部分写作的常用句型)中已经给出，现在让我们再一次重复部分句型，使大家能熟练地掌握。
(1)As can be seen from the table (graph, chart, diagram)…(从图表中可以看出„„) (2)According to the table (graph, chart, diagram)…(根据图表„„)
(3)As is shown in the table (figure, chart, diagram)…(正如图表中所表明„„)
(4)It can be seen from the table (figure,chart,diagram,figure,statistics) that(从图表中可以看出„„) (5)There was a very dramatic(slight,sharp,rapid,marked,steady) rise (increase,fall,decrease,deline,drop)…(……有一个显著/轻微/稳定的上升/增加/下降。)
(6)A…, while (on the other hand ,whereas) B…(A„„，而/另一方面B却„„) (7)A makes up X percent of the total.(A占总数的X%。) (8)A is about twice as much as B.(A是B的两倍。)
(9)One may see that there is a general tendency of …(我们可以看到„„是一个普通的趋势。) (10)A is considerably (rather, somewhat, a bit, a great deal) smaller (bigger, cheaper, higher) than B.(A比B要小/大/便宜/高得/多一些。)
(11)A is exactly (almost, nearly, more or less, just) the same as B.(A和B完全/几乎一样。)
(12)In 1990, it increased form X percent to Y percent of the total.(1990年，它由占总数的X%上升到Y%。) (13)By comparison with 1990, it decreased from X percent to Y percent.(和1990年相比，它由X%上升到Y%。) (14)The figure (percentage, number) has nearly (more than) doubled, compared with that of last year.(和去年相比，这个数字/比例已经翻番。)
(15)It has increased (decreased dropped) almst two and half times (twice, six times), compared…(和„„相比，它已增加/下降了几乎两倍半/两倍/六倍。)
(16)The number (percentage ) is half (four times ) as much as that of 1990.(这个数量是1990年的一半/四倍。)
(17)By 1990, less (more than) X percent of college students (workers, housewives) perferred to…(到了1990，不到/超过X%的大学生/工人/家庭主妇宁愿„„)
(18)The number (rare) was X percent, less than a half of the 1990 total .(这个数量/比例为X%，不足1990年总数的一半。) (19)There are a several (number, three) reasons (causes) for this significant increase (change, decline). First… second,...;finally…;(这种显著的增加/变化/下降有几个/三个原因。第一，„„;第二，„„;最后，„„)
(20)The change (increase decline) in … mainly results from (is due to, is owing to) the fact that.(„„的变化/增加/下降主要是因为„„)
(21)A number of factors could account for (lead to, result in, contribute to) the change (increase, decrease) in…(导致„„变化/增加/下降有许多原因。)
7.5英语书信写作常用语
7.5.1常用开头语
(1)I am delighted to hear form you .(非常高兴收到你的来信。) (2)How nice it was to hear form you .(收到你的来信多好啊。)
(3)I’m very pleased to have received your letter which…(非常高兴收到你的来信，在信中„„) (4)With great delight I learned that…(我了解到„„非常高兴。) (5)I’m very glad to hear that…(我十分高兴地听到„„)
(6)I’m sorry it has taken me so long to reply to you …(抱歉，我耽误了许久才给你回信。)
(7)I can’t tell you how much your letter delighted me …(收到你的信，我说不出我心里有多高兴。) (8)Thank you for how your letter of May 14, telling me that…(感谢你在5月14日的信中告诉我„„) (9)Your letter of Friday arrived this morning .(今天上午收到了你星期五写来的信。)
7.5.2常用结束语
(1)I hope to receive an early and favorable reply. (盼能早日收到佳音。) (2)Expecting to hear from you soon .(盼早日回复。)
(3)I am looking forward to your early reply .(盼早日回复。) (4)I am looking forward to seeing you soon .(盼早日见面。)
(5)We thank you for a favorable reply at your earliest convenience. (你能在方便的时候尽早回复，我们将感激不尽。) (6)Please give my love (regards, best wishes) to …(请代我向„„问好/祝福。) (7)Kindest regards to you and your family .(请代我向你全家问好。)
(8)Hoping you will keep fit, study hard, and work well.(希望你身体健康，学习努力，工作顺利。) (9)All good wishes .(祝你万事如意。)