阅读理解中的词义猜测

阅读理解中的词义猜测（精选6篇）

阅读理解中的词义猜测 第1篇

一、通过同义词和反义词来猜词

1. 通过同义词猜词。

由and和or连接的词通常是同义词。例如:safe and sound中, 根据safe为“安全的”意思, 可以得出sound在此短语中也是“安全的”意思, 而非“声音”。在Would you like coffee or lemonade?中, 可以由coffee推测出lemonade也是一种饮料。

有时在句子进一步解释中也会用到近义词。例如:The old man doesn’t have much furniture in his bedroom, only a bed, a desk and a wardrobe.由a bed和a desk可推断出furniture是“家具”的意思, 由此也可推断出wardrobe也是一种家具。

2. 通过反义词猜词。

如果句子中有表示转折关系的连词或副词 (如:but, while, however等) , 可通过反义词猜词。例如:The students were happy but exhausted after the school trip.happy but exhausted中, but为转折连词, 所以exhausted所要表达的意思应与happy相反, 又因为后面提到after the school trip, 所以exhausted的意思应该是“疲劳的”。

句子中若含有表示否定意义的词语时, 也可用反义词猜词。例如:It is so noisy that I can hardly concentrate on my study.由noisy和含有否定意义的副词hardly可推断出concentrate是“集中注意力”的意思。

拓展词汇量, 也可以在阅读猜词中派上用场。

1.词根。例如:mark意思是“标记, 记号”, remarkable意思是“值得注意的, 不寻常的, 独特的”。

2.前缀。un-表反义, 如:comfortable和uncomfortable, dis-表反义, 如:like和dislike.

3. 后缀。

-ship表示一种关系, 如:friend和friendship, -ist表示同源名词, 如:art和artist。

三、通过上下文来猜测词义

在阅读理解猜词的过程中, 许多生词的意思都是通过上下文猜测出来的。下面列举几类。

1. 通过描述猜词。

例如:Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies.The babies stay inside to get milk and keep warm.根据后面的描述可以得知pouch是“育儿袋”的意思。又如:So, by the year 2300, there were so many people that food became scarce.There was no water to grow food and all of the fish in the lakes and seas died because of pollution.根据没有谁来种植食物, 江河湖海里的鱼由于受到污染全部死掉, 前文还提到so many people, 因此可以得知scarce是指食物缺乏。

2. 通过因果关系猜词。

有时文章会借助关联词 (如because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等等) 来表示因果关系。首先找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系, 然后再猜词。例如:Panic set off the whole country.As a result, thousands of people fled from their homes.根据后文数千人逃离家园可以得知恐慌蔓延全国。

3. 通过定义或释义关系来猜测词义。

例如:Have you ever rubbed your hands together when they get cold?Why do we do that?We do that for friction.Friction happens when two things that aren’t very smooth rub together to make heat energy.The faster you rub two things together, the more friction and heat you can make.通过后文解释摩擦两个不光滑的物体可以得知产生的是摩擦力。

阅读理解中的词义猜测 第2篇

其实，阅读的目的在于获得整个句子、整个段落、乃至整个篇章的思想，而不是各个孤立的词汇的意义。新托福口语考试中的阅读，考查的是考生对段落中心思想整体把握的能力，只要能获得阅读材料的主要信息，并随后能用自己的话加以陈述，一两个生词不会有什么大碍。

不可否认，巨大的词汇量是高质量的阅读和高质量的口语的基础。但当遇到生词时总查字典又不现实(特别是在考试时)，那么我们不妨利用上下文来推测，看看我们有多大的猜词本领。强大的猜词本领无疑会有助于阅读速度和阅读能力的提高。

1.根据定义、解释猜测词义

we all know that ants are ferocious eaters. they differ widely in their diets and may be carnivorous, herbivorous, or omnivorous,meaning that some eat meat; others eat only plants while others eat a combination of both.

由后面的解释我们可以得知：“carnivorous”的意思是“食肉的”;“herbivorous”的意思是“食草的”;“omnivorous”的意思是“杂食的”。

2.根据复述(同位语、定语等)

today, i’d like to talk about some of the changes land can undergo, specifically desertification, process through which land becomes part of a desert.

后面的同位语告诉我们“desertification”的意思是“沙漠化。”since the fossil of the anchaeopteryx, the first ‘bird’, was discovered in germany in 1861, there has been continuous disagreement as to whether or not it could actually fly. anchaeopteryx — the first bird: “始祖鸟”

3.根据举例

after breakfast, many people go to church; but the children will be playing with their new toys, and the mother will probably be preparing the christmas dinner. this includes poultry for the main course (e.g. chicken, turkey, duck, goose), salads, breads, and vegetable, and features a variety of desserts, for example, pies, puddings, and ice cream.

“chicken, turkey, duck, goose”同属“poultry：家禽”。

4.根据对比关系

jane was talking with others while eliza remained reticent all the time.

“while”是一个显示对比的信号词，“reticent”与“talking”相对应，“reticent”：沉默的。

most of us agreed; however, bill dissented.

“agreed”与“dissented”形成对比。

5.根据比喻关系

the hot-air balloon took off. it was as buoyant in the air as a cork (软木塞) in water.

把热气球比作水中的软木塞，说明“buoyant ”的意义：“漂浮;浮力。”

6.根据同义词的替代

venus rotates retrograde, or “backwards”, spinning in the opposite direction of its orbit around the sun.

由“backwards”这一替代词得知“retrograde”的意思：“向后的。”

7.有时也可根据一般性常识/生活经验猜测词义

the door was so low that i hit my head on the lintel.

门太低，我的头撞在“lintel门楣”上了。

he got on the motorbike, i sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night.

由经验得知“pillion”是motorbike的“后座、后鞍。”

8.也可根据词形构造猜测词义

more recently, scientists have documented an alarmingly high occurrence of frogs with malformations.

form是词根, formation“形式”，mal-:构词前缀，可表示“坏、恶、不良”，还可表示“不、不正常、不当、非法。”malformation的意思就应该是“畸形。”更多的例子如：malnutrition: 营养不良;malconduct:(公职人员的)胡作非为;maladjustive: 引起失调的;不利调节的。

如何做好中考阅读中的词义猜测题 第3篇

一、根据上下文线索关系判析词义

在阅读时要观察生词与上下文的联系,利用词语之间的语义联想和段落提供的语义信息加以判断。例如:

Tom looked thoughtful and said, “There’s a shop in town that sells almost the same kind of necklace for $7.50. If I charge $6.00, people will think that’s a bargain.” (09无锡37题)

The underlined word “bargain” in this story means “____”.

A. something sold cheap B. something sold expensive

C. something made at home D. something made by children

根据该段落中话语的含义,城里某商店里该项链的销售价为7美元,如果要价为6美元,人们就认为是便宜货。因此通过上下文的意思可以判断,该题的正确答案应为A。

二、根据定语从句猜测词义

在很多情况下,定语从句直接给出了某一词汇的定义或解释,所以,以定语从句为线索猜测词义也是一个行之有效的猜词方法。例如:

Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that they do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it. (09北京55题)

A psychologist is a person who may help you with your ____.

A. illness and abilitiesB. thoughts and behaviour

C. mind and nervous systemD. physical activity and daily exercise

从本句的定语从句可以看出研究人的思维以及解释人的行为习惯的医生和科学家叫做心理学家,故答案选B。

三、根据内容定义或释义关系来推测词义

下定义是文章中常用的解释生词的方法。阅读时要认真分析句子的结构,充分利用上下文所提供的信息或解释来判断词义。例如:

People who live near the sea can tell time from the tides. In the daytime, for about six hours, the water rises higher and higher on the beach. And then it goes down and down for about six hours. The same thing happens again at night. (09 杭州53题)

The underlined word “tides” in the passage means ____.

A. 洋流 B. 潮汐 C. 海啸 D. 波浪

该段落中的下文很显然是对单词tides的解释。海水白天上涨六小时,然后回落六小时,同样的现象夜里再次发生。故tides意思为答案B。

四、根据词汇相近和复现关系判析词义

在阅读文章中,有时作者为了使他的意思表达得更清楚明白,通常用一个同义词或近义词来解释另一个比较难的词或关键词,这些同义词或近义词为读者推断生词词义提供了线索。例如:

Other shoppers began digging into their pockets to find some change. It was amazing and touching as all these strangers seemed to react with the same mind. All wanted to be of help. (09常州32题)

What does the underlined word “touching” most probably mean? ____.

A. 令人感动的B. 令人难过的C. 令人失望的D. 令人害怕的

通过该段落的阅读可以看出,购物者们都掏兜找零钱给予帮助,这样的情景肯定是既令人震惊又令人为之感动的。通过前面的形容词amazing不难推测出该题选择A与句子意思吻合,其他选项中所表达的情感与段落内容相悖。

五、根据对比关系猜测词义

通过上下文的逻辑关系,从对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述中,读者可以根据其中一个熟悉的词推断出另一个生词的词义。另外,在表示这种关系时,作者通常会用一些信号词来表明另一个词语与前面词语互为反义,这些信号词无疑为读者理解和猜测生词词义提供了非常好的线索。例如:

The years have obscured the name of this professor, but not the lesson he taught. (08盐城63 题)

What does the underlined word “obscured” mean in the last paragraph? ____.

A. 模糊B. 回忆C. 提醒D. 改变

阅读理解中的词义猜测 第4篇

1.根据文中释义或定义猜测词义

在一些文章中, 作者使用了一个生词后, 会对该词做出解释, 如用for example, mean, namely, that say, such as等词语;有时也以同位语、定语从句形式出现;还可根据文中所使用的标点符号, 如括号、破折号等帮助判断。

如:The word “talioning” introducing the book Eye for an Eye is probably a concept of。

A. medicine B. trade

C. avenging D. striving

本篇是新书介绍。此题是猜测第一本书Eye for an Eye的内容介绍中用到的词talion的词义。原文中破折号后面的内容就是对该词的解释, 即“an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”, 这段最后又进一步做出解释“pay back”, 因此可以推出其意为“报复”。正确答案是C。

2.根据上下文语境线索猜测词义

文章中的词语、句子在内容上不是孤立存在的, 它们与所在的段落及篇章关系密切。因此, 利用上下文提供的情景和线索, 进行合乎逻辑的分析而进行词义推测, 是做好阅读理解的关键, 也是历年来高考考查的热点。

如:Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’ coin collection.“We’ve collected foreign coins for years—since our families went on holiday to Tenerife, ”she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”

The underlined word “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of ______

A. story B. collection

C. inspiration D. foreign coin

根据上下文的内容及原文中的Euro可推知“pesetas”是在Euro发行前使用的钱币。因此, 选D。

3.利用反义词或反义关系猜测词义

有时作者会用一些反义词或表示反义关系的词语进行对比, 说明相反的两件事, 因此, 可利用已知词义来推测未知词义。

如:Most of us agreed; however, John dissented.根据however“然而”, 可推测dissented与agreed意思相反, 因此推测出dissented意为“不同意”。

4.利用同义词或近义词关系进行猜测

在一篇文章中, 作者为了避免重复, 常会用同义词或近义词表述同类内容, 因此, 可利用它们之间同义关系猜测新词。如:

We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.

通读全句可以看出vulgar和silly意思相近, 意思为“粗俗的”。

5.利用因果关系进行推测

如:The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.

从后面的表因果关系的连词So带的句子“永远不能再运动”中, 可以推测permanent的意思为“永远的, 永久的”。

6.利用构词法猜测词义

英语单词的构成有派生法 (加前、后缀, 前缀改变词根的意思, 后缀改变词性) 、合成法和转化法。熟练掌握构词法, 是扩大英语词汇量的重要方法。对于派生法和合成法类词, 只要将已知的词义或前缀的含义结合起来进行分析, 便可以推测出其词义;对于转化类词, 则需根据其基本含义, 结合上下文的逻辑关系进行推测。

如:Perhaps one of the best ways to deal with such moods is to talk them out:sometimes, though, there is no one listening. Modern pharmacology offers an abundance of antidepressants and antianxiety drugs.

词根depress有“使沮丧, 使消沉”的意思, 通过加前缀anti-“反对……抗……”和后缀-ant改变其词意和词性。因此, 推测出词意“抗镇静药”。

浅议阅读理解中词义猜测解题技巧 第5篇

高考阅读理解根据《考试大纲》的要求命题，基本上可以分为五类：1.细节理解题；2.词义猜测题；3.主旨大意题；4.推理判断题；5.篇章结构题；6.观点态度题。历年来高考试题中的生词量有增无减，《教学大纲》要求学生“读懂生词率不超过3%的传记，故事，记叙文，科普小品文和有关社会史知识等不同题材的材料”。而每年在高考阅读中出现大量的生词成为学生理解文章的“绊脚石”。所以掌握正确的方法，我们才能快速而准确地猜测出文中生词的含义以及提高词义猜测题的正确率。下面本人就结合2010年各省的高考来谈谈阅读理解的解题技巧之一：词义猜测。有以下几种方法：

方法一：同义词、近义词：作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中，而且通常会有以下这些信号词:and, or, namely, that is (to say)等。

例如：2010重庆卷：One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled.

Q: What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean? ____.

A. UnfriendlyB. Untidy

C. GentleD. Kind

分析：根据an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. 可知disheveled与unshaven是同义词，故选B。

方法二：反义词：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）来猜测词义。通常在句中，上下文中出现以下这些信号词：unlike， but， however, while, instead, otherwise, on the other hand等。

例如: 2010四川卷：While matters of money and care won?蒺t be settled for weeks, Jane hardly puts her life on hold.

Q：What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph mean? ____.

A． Jane?蒺s life is very difficult

B． Jane continues to live as usual

C． Jane almost can?蒺t control her life

D． Jane works very hard to live a happy life

分析：依据While matters of money and care won?蒺t be settled for weeks, 此处while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管钱和抚养的问题在几周内难以解决，但Jane几乎不让生活受到影响。”因此正确答案为B。

例如:2010广东卷：It is probably not your fault， but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation，you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner?蒺s key to success.

Q: The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____.

A. avoidB. acceptC. improve D. consider

分析：根据However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation.尤其是however，进行意思上的转折，所以应选C。

方法三：定义、解释或举例：在文中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句），表语或同位语（从句）甚至是逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。

例如：2010江苏卷：The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. 根据句中which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals，可知occupational 意思为“职业的”。

例如：2010四川卷：Fox Point is operated by Palladia, a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy people. 根据同位语 a group以及定语从句that specializes in providing housing and services to needy people.就可知道：Palladia是一个专门从事提供住所、服务给穷人的团体。

方法四：因果关系：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。常有以下的这些信号词： because, as，since， for， so， thus， as a result， therefore， so that， etc

例如：2010辽宁卷：I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I?蒺m in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York.

Q: What does the word “shot” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? ____.

A. ChoiceB. TryC. StyleD. Goal

分析：从第一句的hate，到but意义上的转折，以及后两句because I?蒺m in London和because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York可知try的意思接近shot，意思为：尝试。因此答案为B。

方法五：情景推断：猜测任何词义都离不开文章的语言情景，词义可以从上下文的具体语言环境中推断出来。

例如：2010湖北卷：Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents?蒺 point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents?蒺 complete unreasonableness. And of course， the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely.

Q: What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? ____.

A. The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.

B. The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict

C. The teens cause their parents of misleading them

D. The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents

分析：从“In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents?蒺 point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents?蒺 complete unreasonableness.”和“except oppositely”可以得出答案为A。

方法六：代词替代法：一般来讲，代词所指代的内容在这一句的前后句中能找到相应的内容。

例如：2010北京卷：There are pressing calls on the resources(资源) of the government. Using taxpayers?蒺 money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.

Q: The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to ____.

A. taxpayersB. pressing calls

C. college graduatesD. government resources

分析：根据上一句There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government.可知道答案为B。

方法七：经验和常识:

例如：2010陕西卷：When I first got an e?鄄mail account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. Now it seems that every time I check my e?鄄mail, I have an endless series of advertisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all. If we want e?鄄mail to continue to be useful, we need specific laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件) a crime.

Q: What does the underlined word “correspondence” in the Paragraph 1 probably mean? ____.

A. messagesB. ideas

C. connectionsD. programs

分析：现在的e?鄄mail有许多advertisements,根据常识我们应该知道e?鄄mail上还有我们不感兴趣的信息。

方法八：构词法:英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。下面本人主要谈谈构成新词义的前缀。

例如：2010江苏卷：fore?鄄(先于；预先)：foresee(预见，预知)；extra?鄄（超出；非常）：extraordinary(非凡的)； step?鄄(继……)：stepmother(继母)，stepbrother(继弟)

例如：2010浙江卷：super?鄄（超级）：superstar(超级明星)；co?鄄(共同)：corenters(合租人)； multi?鄄(多个，许多的)：multitasking（多任务处理）

例如：2010山东卷: over?鄄（在……之上）：over?鄄consumption(过度消费); semi?鄄(半):semiconductor(半导体)

例如：2010湖南卷:auto?鄄(自己的)：autobiography（自传）；self?鄄(自身的)：self?鄄controlled（自我控制）,self?鄄pity（自怜）

例如：2010湖北卷: self?鄄taught（自学的）；semicircle（半圆）

除此之外，还有一些常在阅读理解文章中出现的重要前缀：en?鄄(使): enable使能够; inter?鄄(相互): interaction相互作用; anti?鄄(反抗): anti?鄄Japanese War反日战争; bi?鄄(双，二): biweekly双周; tri?鄄(三):triangle(三角形)，等等。

除了掌握以上的方法外，我们还要注意文中的熟词生义。

例如：2010江苏卷：China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment. capital我们所熟悉的含义：首都, 但在这里应理解为：资本，资金。

例如：2010四川卷：Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world. voice我们所熟悉的含义：声音、嗓音, 而在这里根据上下文的意思应理解为：a way of writing。

词义猜测题盘点 第6篇

[命题特点和趋势]

对于词义猜测题，命题中着重考查同学们利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。主要通过以下两点进行考查：

1. 要求根据阅读材料，结合高中生应有的常识和经验，判断生词、词组或者是熟词在特定语境中表达的含义以及一些句子的意思；

2. 代词复指理解题也是词义猜测的常考类型。

设问形式有：

The underlined word ... in the ... paragraph refers to/means ...

By saying ... in ... paragraph， the author means ...

Which of the following has the closest meaning to ...

The word ... can be replaced by ...

The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that ...

[应试策略]

通常说来，解决词义猜测题主要有两大技巧，一是通过构词法，另一个便是通过具体语境。

1. 根据构词法判断词义

三种构词法，即合成、转化、派生，是我们猜测词义需掌握的基本方法。

合成法——通过构成合成词的每个单词的含义猜测其含义；

转化法——通过一个词的本意猜测出它转化后的意思，常见的是名词和动词，形容词和动词以及形容词和名词之间的相互转化；

派生法——由一个词根加前缀或后缀构成另外一个单词，一般说来前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。

例1 （2016·全国卷Ⅱ） 27. What does The underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？

A. Mistake B. Drawback

C. Difficulty D. Burden

解析 B。

请看文章原句：Encouraging this new kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking ... 从文章意思可知，这种新的思考方式有一个 ，根据后面I ran the risk ...（我冒了……的风险），那应该是说它有着缺点和不足。另外根据构词知识可知，该词是由down跟side构成的合成词。我们知道down这个单词一般是“下，低落”等不好的意思，而side这个单词意思是“方面，侧面”。“不好的方面”，自然就是一个事物的不足或缺点了。

2. 根据语境判断词义

这是提高阅读速度和理解率必备的能力。构成语境的可能是一个句子，几个句子，甚至一个段落或通篇文章。

（1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测

有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义、解释或举例，这是判断该词或短语意义的最直接的依据。

例2 （2016·全国卷Ⅰ） 29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in paragraph 1？

A. provider

B. delivery man

C. collector

D. medical doctor

解析 B。

请看文章：I am Peter Hodes， a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012， I’ve done 89 trips—of those， 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞） in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last， in all， from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor （捐献者） to the time they can be implanted in the patient， we’ve got 72 hours at most， So I am always conscious of time.根据这一段中的since march 2012， I’ve done ... in my little box. 这一举例，便可知作者是干细胞传递员。

例3 （2016·北京卷） 68. The underlined word “passage” in paragraph 2 means .

A. change B. choice

C. text D. extension

解析 A。

请看原文：Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility， universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. 分析句子结构可知passage后面的from ... to ...是修饰passage的定语，对passage起了解释说明的作用，从家庭的庇护到有自主性和成年人的责任，很明显这是一个转变，所以选择A。

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（2）根据逻辑关系进行推测

根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。

1）根据对比、比较关系猜测词义

在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象的对比性描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike， not， but， however， despite， in spite of， in contrast等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while引导的并列句。与对比关系不同，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly， like， just as， also， as well as等。

例4 （2014·全国卷Ⅰ） 25. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ _______.

A. escape B. ruin

C. liberation D. evolution

解析 B。

请看原文第二、三自然段：

It was calculated that when its population reach its highest point， there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States， making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller， a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles （about 515 kilometers） long was seen near Cincinnati.

Sadly， the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing ...

通过文章我们可以看出前面是说旅鸽数量极其庞大，而第三自然段一个sadly，话锋一转，那肯定是说的与前文相反的不好的状况，可以判断undoing应该是毁灭、死亡的意思。故而选择B。

2）根据因果关系猜测词义

在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。

例5 （2016·全国卷Ⅲ） 10. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in paragraph 3 mean？

A. A practical idea.

B. A vain hope.

C. A brilliant plan.

D. A selfish desire.

解析 B。

请看文章第三段：There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette， but you’ll need a warm， sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it， so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. 根据这段话可知，Orleans Reinette这个品种虽然口感好，但是对种植环境和土壤要求高，因此对于大多数喜欢它的人来说，只能是一种空想。故而选B。

3）根据说明、并列、同义、近义、反义等关系猜测词义

在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表明的关系猜测词义。

例6 （2015·全国卷Ⅰ） 31. What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to？

A. Artworks B. Projects

C. Donations D. Documents

解析 A。

根据文章最后一段The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration （合作） with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid， Spain， and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg， Florida.根据 and可知前后应该描述的是同一类事件，前面提到精选的展品来自通力合作，列举了西班牙马德里的博物馆，那么圣彼得斯堡博物馆提供的也应该是艺术作品。故选A。

例7 （2015·全国卷Ⅱ） 22. Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in paragraph 1？

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A. ended all their programs

B. provided fewer channels

C. changed to commercials

D. showed all-night movies

解析 A。

请看原文：The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately， I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. 根据最后一句幸运的是我没有可以整晚看电影的频道，所以可以判断前面说的应该是“我”会一直看，直到电视台停止播放。故而选A。

3. 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测

文章中的代词it， that， he， him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。代词指代题的出处一定是在上文。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。

例8 （2016·全国卷Ⅱ） 30. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to？

A. The book

B. An adventure

C. A public place

D. The identification number

解析 A。

由it所在的第二段Then the person leaves it in a public place， hoping that the book will have an adventure， travelling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.可知，此处的it指代的是the book。

例9 （2016·全国卷Ⅲ） 6. The underlined word “them” in paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s _____.

A. readers B. parties

C. friends D. stories

解析 D。

由them所在段的内容My friend said，“Now we believe your stories，”Welty added. And I said，“Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.”可知，them指的就是前文提到的stories。

[结语]

词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。同学们应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。