论文题目：辣椒茎秆还田及增施植物根际促生菌（PGPR）对温室蔬菜生长及土壤质量的影响
摘要：设施园艺作物栽培由于连续生产且过度依赖化肥施用,引起土壤地力下降,并产生农业面源污染。而资源化利用有机废弃物替代化肥不仅可以降低生产成本、减轻环境压力和促进土壤可持续利用,而且可为消费者提供优质营养的农产品。已在大田栽培中研究了秸秆原位还田或施用根际植物生长促生菌（PGPR）对作物和土壤质量的影响,在设施栽培中如何利用园艺作物废弃物和根际植物促生菌提高产量和土壤地力的研究尚不多见。本文研究了辣椒原位还田和施用PGPR处理对温室蔬菜栽培的生长和产量、品种影响及其土壤化学和微生物特性的协同效应,处理包括:土壤采取辣椒残株直接粉碎混入土中并分别添加根际植物生长促生菌B1:枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtrlis）;B2:侧孢芽孢杆菌（Bacillus.laterosporus）,及B3:解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）;以及对照处理包括NP:仅施残株和CF:普通施化肥对照（CF）,以上处理田间均按随机完全区组设计（RCBD）排列。主要研究进展如下:一、研究了日光温室土壤中辣椒残株还田和增施PGPR处理对冬季芥菜（Brassica juncea L.）植株生长、叶片光合性能、养分吸收、产量的影响以及处理对根区土壤的化学性状、微生物量、细菌群落多样性及组成的影响。结果表明:与仅施茎叶残株（NP）和普通化肥对照（CF）处理相比,辣椒残株原位还田结合增施PGPR显著增加了芥菜产量,且土壤质量显著改善。其中B1,B2,B3处理较NP和CF提高产量幅度达51-63%。接种PGPR处理植株的叶片净光合速率、叶绿素a、总可溶性物及植物吸收的氮、磷、钾、镁、钙、锰、锌等元素含量也都有提高,土壤中微生物量显著提高。其中施用侧孢芽孢杆菌与残株还田处理的协同效果最好,表现为显著增加了土壤的有机碳、全氮、微生物碳含量和微生物多样性,可以使根际细菌群落组成在门和属水平上得到富集。二、研究了辣椒残株还田和施用PGPR对日光温室春茬2个辣椒品种的叶片气体交换、植株生物量和辣椒产量及营养品质的影响。结果表明:B1和B3处理比其他处理增产27～36%,而B3处理果实的5-甲基四氢叶酸（MTHF）和总叶酸含量比B1和NP分别增产24～27.5%和21.9%～27.2%。未施PGPR仅辣椒残株还田处理NP果实中的钙、镁、钾含量较施用PGPR处理有所提高。新线辣8号辣椒品种的产量、植株生物量、果实钾、可溶性固形物和总叶酸含量均高于辣高品种。三、分析评估了日光温室芥菜-辣椒种植后土壤辣椒残株原位还田与增施PGPR处理对土壤化学组成和细菌微生物群系的持续后效应。结果表明:连续2茬种植后,接菌处理土壤的pH、电导率、总碳、有机碳、全氮、碳氮比和硝态氮与化肥和仅残株还田处理的对照接近,但残株还田处理的铵态氮为0.69mg·kg-1,显著高于其他处理(0.22～0.45mg·kg-1);B1、B2和B3处理的速效磷含量较仅残株（NP）和仅施化肥（CF）对照分别增加34.3-47.9%,45.9-56.1%和46.6-56.6%;NP 处理的速效钾含量(358.1mg·kg-1)显著高于 B3(305.2mg·kg-1),B1(300.97mg·kg-1),B2(291.6mg·kg-1),最低的是CF处理(287.8mg·kg-1)。土壤的微生物生物量C以B3处理最高,其次分别为B2＞B1＞NP＞CF。B1和B2处理产生的微生物生物量N分别为8.31和8.34mg·L-1,B3处理为7.85mg·L-1,均明显高于对照CF(6.82mgL-1)和NP(5.38mg·L-1)。不同处理的有害重金属含量以B2处理的镉含量最高,其余含量顺序分别为B1＞CF＞B3＞NP。同样B2处理的土壤Pb含量也最高,B3、NP和CF的Pb含量次之,而B1的Pb含量最低,说明B1对土壤Pb的固定作用最大。四、用不同参数分析评估了不同处理土壤的微生物多样性。结果表明:与其他处理相比,B1处理的Chao 1指数、细菌种类数、Shannon指数均最高,表明其根际细菌群落具有较高的系统发育多样性,而CF处理的细菌群落多样性最低。B1处理的放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteriodetes）的菌数含量最高,是辣椒根际的优势细菌类群。表明处理在显著提高土壤细菌多样性的同时,还清楚地证明枯草芽孢杆菌和辣椒残株还田在改善土壤微生物群落上有协同作用。综上所述,本研究表明日光温室秋茬辣椒原位还田结合PGPR施用可以改善土壤地力用于可持续的温室蔬菜生产,在设施栽培中将辣椒残株还田和增施PGPR具有提高蔬菜产量和辣椒果实叶酸含量而改善品质的作用,因此辣椒残株原位还田结合接种PGPR可作为温室蔬菜可持续生产的生物肥料应用,可在短期内改善土壤生态。辣椒残株原位还田显著提高了土壤速效磷含量,枯草芽孢杆菌与辣椒残株还田对土壤质量改善的协同效应表现为土壤细菌多样性丰度的提高和辣椒根际细菌群落组成的显著变化,它们的互作对温室土壤肥力及其根际微生物的影响具有长期积极效应,研究为开展设施蔬菜废弃物的长期定位还田奠定了的基础。
关键词：蔬菜秸秆废弃物;根际植物生长促生菌;土壤化学性质;土壤微生物多样性;蔬菜品质
学科专业：蔬菜学
中国农业科学院博士学位论文评阅人、答辩委员会签名表
摘要
Abstract
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER1:INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 Greenhouse Vegetable Production Systems(GVPS)
1.1.1 Significance of Greenhouse Vegetable Production Systems
1.1.2 Challenges associated with the current fertilizer use and nutrient management in the GVPS
1.2 Utilization of crop residue in farming systems
1.3 Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)
1.3.1 Direct and indirect benefits and the mechanisms of actions of PGPR
1.3.2 Influence of PGPR inoculation on horticultural crop production and soil quality
1.4 Agronomic exploitation of crop residue and microbial synergy:Knowledge status and gap
1.5 Research Hypothesis
1.6 Research Objectives
CHAPTER2:CHILI RESIDUE AND Bacillus laterosporus SYNERGY IMPACTS THE AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND SOIL BACTERIAL MICROBIOME OF LEAF MUSTARD(Brassica juncea L.)IN A CHINESE SOLAR GREENHOUSE
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.2.1 Experimental site description
2.2.2 Experimental design and crop management
2.2.3 Agronomic indices
2.2.4 Soil and plant nutrient analyses
2.2.5 Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen determination
2.2.6 Extraction of DNA,PCR amplification, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and soil microbial community analysis
2.2.7 Statistical analysis
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Plant pigments and leaf-gas exchange parameters
2.3.2 Plant growth,yield,and nutritional quality
2.3.3 Macro and micronutrients uptake
2.3.4 Stoichiometry of soil carbon and nitrogen,and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen
2.3.5 Pearson’s correlations of mustard growth,physiological and yield indicators,nutrient uptake and soil microbial biomass
2.3.6 Soil microbial community diversity and structure
2.4.Discussion
2.4.1 Plant pigments and leaf-gas exchange parameters
2.4.2 Plant growth,yield,and nutritional quality
2.4.3 Plant nutrients uptake
2.4.4 Stoichiometry of soil carbon and nitrogen,and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen
2.4.5 Soil microbial community diversity and structure
2.4.6 Redundancy analysis
2.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3:AGRONOMIC BIOFORTIFICATION OF CAYENNE PEPPER CULTIVARS WITH CHILI RESIDUE AND PGPR IN A CHINESE SOLAR GREENHOUSE
3.1 Introduction
3.2.Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Experimental site description
3.2.2 Experimental design and crop management
3.2.3 Agronomic parameters
3.2.4 Determination of mineral and nitrate contents in long cayenne pepper fruits
3.2.5 Determination of folate in long cayenne pepper fruits
3.2.6 Determination of moisture content
3.2.7 Statistical analysis
3.3.Results and Discussions
3.3.1 Leaf gas exchange of cayenne pepper
3.3.2 Yield attributes and plant biomass of cayenne pepper cultivars
3.3.3 Total soluble solids,mineral contents and nitrate accumulation
3.3.4 Folate derivatives
3.3.5 Correlations between folate derivatives and mineral contents of cayenne pepper
3.4.Conclusion
CHAPTER 4:RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF CHILI RESIDUE WITH PGPR ON SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND BACTERIAL MICROBIOME UNDER MUSTARD-PEPPER CROPPING SEQUENCE IN A CHINESE SOLAR GREENHOUSE
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and methods
4.2.1 Study site,experimental design and crop management
4.2.2 Soil chemical analysis
4.2.3 Soil microbial biomass and bacterial community assessment
4.2.4 Statistical analysis
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Soil pH,EC,carbon and nitrogen forms
4.3.2 Soil AP,K,Mg and microbial biomass C and N
4.3.3 Soil micronutrients and heavy metals
4.3.4 Bacterial microbiome of cayenne pepper rhizosphere
4.4 Discussion
4.4.1 Soil chemical properties and microbial biomass
4.4.2 Soil bacterial microbiome
4.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER5:GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH PROSPECTS
5.1 Conclusions
5.2 Future research prospects
REFERENCES
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
AUTHOR’S CURRICULUM VITAE