能源调查报告范文第1篇
坚持走安全高效发展之路
——山东能源集团安全高效矿井建设工作情况汇
(2012年12月26日) 尊敬的各位领导、各位专家：
大家好!
按照中国煤炭工业协会的统一安排，下面将山东能源集团安全高效矿井建设工作情况汇报如下，不当之处请各位领导和专家批评指正。
一、山东能源集团基本情况
山东能源集团是山东省省属国有独资公司，注册资本100亿元。集团总部设在山东省济南市。下辖新汶、枣庄、淄博、肥城、临沂、龙口等六个矿业集团，内蒙、贵州两个区域公司，山能国际与山能国贸等四个直属机构，现有员工23万余人。
山东能源集团立足山东，企业分布在蒙、新、贵、陕、晋等11个省、自治区，并在加拿大、澳大利亚等国家和地区加快资源开发步伐。2011年，完成煤炭产量1.08亿吨。2012年跻身世界500强第460位。
二、安全高效矿井建设工作取得的成效
近年来，能源集团深入贯彻落实安全高效矿井建设总体要求，不断探索企业安全高效发展的管理机制，实现了安全形势总体平稳发展、生产经营持续高效运行。2012年，集团共有32对矿井被评为安全高效矿井。其中，新矿集团8对，枣矿集团7 1
对，淄矿集团6对，临矿集团6对，肥矿集团3对，龙矿集团2对。
围绕安全高效矿井建设工作，我们的主要做法是：
(一)加强组织领导，落实安全主体责任，为建设安全高效矿井提供组织保障。
深入落实科学发展观，正确把握和处理安全与生产、安全与效益、安全与发展的关系，百万吨死亡率连续多年保持全国先进水平，鄂庄煤矿安全周期超过20周年。付村、新安等煤矿安全周期超过10周年。2011年能源集团整体实现安全生产年。
1.切实加强组织领导。高度重视安全高效矿井建设工作，积极进行科学规划，按照“高境界、高起点、高标准”的要求，坚持领导重视、目标引领、正向激励、措施保障等工作策略，促进了安全高效矿井建设工作的全面开展。
2.坚持安全发展理念。始终坚持“安全第
一、预防为主”的方针，严格做到“四个必须”，即：不管经济如何发展，安全理念必须坚持;不管企业如何改革，安全工作必须加强;不管效益如何波动，安全投入必须保证;不管体制如何变化，安全制度必须落实。
3.完善安全责任体系。突出各矿业集团独立法人主体地位和安全责任主体地位，强化能源集团指导、协调和监督作用。建立以总工程师为首的技术保障机制，构建“能源集团-矿业集团-生产矿井”三级管理体系，有效保证了安全责任的落实。
4.强化安全基础管理。坚持“查大系统、治大隐患、防大事 2
故”，突出 “一通三防”、防治水、顶板管理、机电运输等安全管理重点，强化了安全工作的基础。
5.创新安全管理机制。坚持用市场经济的手段抓安全，实行安全风险抵押金、“四三三”结构工资等制度，深入开展了“五精管理”、“安全评价”、“一岗双述”等管理创新，有力地调动了抓好安全工作的主动性和自觉性。
(二)加大资金投入，提高装备技术水平，为建设安全高效矿井创造前提条件。
1.不断提高采煤装备水平。不断加大装备投入和自主技术创新。大力实施薄煤层综采技术，2011年，滨湖煤矿薄煤层工作面生产原煤99.25万吨，创造了全国薄煤层工作面最高纪录。积极应用大采高一次采全高工艺，亭南煤业和双欣矿业应用了6.3米和6.5米液压支架，工作面最大采高达到6.5米，大大提高了生产效率及安全保障程度。
2.积极抓好掘进机械化工作。推广应用了大功率综掘机、全岩掘进作业线、半煤岩综掘机和掘锚一体机等先进的综掘装备。新巨龙公司装备的MH620型进口掘进机在大断面硬岩巷道月进162米，长城煤矿综掘1队平均月单进430米，达到了国内先进水平。
3.大力推进矿井辅助运输系统升级。积极推进矿井辅助系统全面升级，在多个矿井实现了单轨吊运输网络化。新矿集团装备了73台单轨吊机车，运输网络总长度达到了135.6km。杨家村矿井全部采用无轨胶轮车运输。多个矿井建立了矿井轨道运 3
输的“信、集、闭”系统。
4.全面进行机电技术改造。能源集团省内矿井变电站二次控制保护装置全部实现了远程自动化控制。华丰矿建成了第一个数字化变电站。唐口矿投资1400万元建成柴油发电机组备用电源。积极推广绞车PLC控制和设备变频技术，有效提升了企业机电设备管理水平。
5.扎实推进数字化矿山建设。按照“创建一流信息化矿井”的目标，制订了建设规划。各单位先后建成了井下千兆工业以太环网及矿井综合自动化平台，完善了煤炭生产、设备运行、安全监测监控等网络体系，实现了全方位的监测监控。
(三)明确管控重点，突出重大灾害治理，为建设安全高效矿井奠定坚实基础。
1.在一通三防方面。紧紧抓住采掘布局、通风系统、瓦斯抽采、安全监控等重点环节，多个矿井被命名为“通风示范化矿井”。高度重视省外煤矿特别是云贵煤矿的瓦斯治理，采取抽放等综合措施，杜绝了瓦斯事故。实施精细管理无尘化作业，粉尘等职业危害得到有效控制。
2.在防治水方面。重点对龙矿集团海下采煤、枣矿集团湖下采煤、肥矿集团高承压水上采煤等进行治理。积极依靠科技手段做好防治水工作，健全完善水动态监测系统和降雨量自动观测系统，采用瞬变电磁仪、直流电法等技术手段对矿井水文情况进行探测，保障了安全生产。
3.在冲击地压防治方面。强化冲击地压防治，做到监测系 4
统完善、监测手段先进、解危措施全面、专业管理到位。在所有冲击危险矿井安装了微震监测系统和实时监控系统，为安全生产提供了有力保障。
(四)实施科技兴安战略，优化开采工艺，为建设安全高效矿井提供技术支撑
1.改进工艺提高生产效率。以系统安全、设计优化、工艺创新、支护改革为重点，优化开拓布局和生产系统。在大力实施综掘作业的同时，积极发展炮掘连续化运输，极大提高了生产效率。
2.创新驱动支撑优势明显。注重创新的层次与针对性，全员创新创效活动蓬勃开展。2012年，先后召开防治水技术、冲击地压防治、通风防尘、大型设备在线监测等推进会60多次，取得显著效果。
3.保障安全强化设备管理。推行设备生命周期管理和设备点检制，建立了设备管理系统和机电设备计划检修系统，对设备实现采购、检验、入库、维护、租赁、报废等全过程管理，极大提高了设备使用效率。
4.大力推动资源综合利用。积极应用低浓度瓦斯发电技术，多个矿井实现了瓦斯综合利用。亭南煤业公司截止2012年4月完成瓦斯发电量1571万度，并利用发电余热进行矿井供暖。实施该项目，年节省煤耗3508吨，减少电费支出942.6万元，实现了安全、环保、节能的三重价值。
5.坚持资源节约实施绿色开采。加快生产方式变革，将绿 5
色开采的理念贯穿于煤炭开采全过程。2011年，新矿集团完成以矸换煤量260万吨。淄矿集团推行膏体充填、高水充填等技术，累计置换煤炭200多万吨。龙矿集团对与煤伴生的油母页岩资源进行了开发利用，取得了很好的经济效益。
三、下一步工作思路
山东能源将大力实施“大能源、大资源、大合作、大运营、大协同”战略，全力做大做强能源、现代服务、装备制造、煤化工四大产业板块，努力实现企业安全发展、绿色发展、高效发展、转型发展和跨越发展。规划到“十二五”末，实现主要经济指标翻一番，主营业务收入达到2700亿元，利润总额270亿元，煤炭产量达到2亿吨。
围绕安全高效矿井建设工作，我们将从以下5个方面入手： 1.抓安全,保生产。全面加强生产技术基础管理和安全薄弱时间、薄弱环节的管理，坚决消灭瓦斯、煤尘、水害、火灾、顶板等重大事故，努力实现百万吨死亡率为零的奋斗目标。
2.重科技、上装备。大力倡导“无人则安”和“宁花百万上装备、不花一万用一人”的理念。努力建设采掘装备机械化、辅助运输连续化、安全监测数字化的现代化安全高效矿井。
3.调结构,促发展。着重加大后备资源开发力度，积极向神华、淮南、陕煤、伊泰、潞安等先进单位学习，将主要精力投注在大型矿井的开发和建设上，走安全高效发展的路子。
4.严标准、提质量。按照协会关于安全高效矿井的标准，从安全生产、经济效益等方面加大工作力度，提高安全高效矿井 6
的建设质量，为企业安全高效发展奠定基础。
5.抓组织，保目标。成立专门的工作领导小组，协调统筹安全高效矿井建设工作，出台相关激励政策，推进能源集团的安全高效矿井建设工作。
各位领导，虽然我们在安全高效矿井建设方面做了一定的工作，但和兄弟单位相比还有很大差距，我们将以这次会议为契机，在今后工作中，博采众长，进一步采取措施，加大力度，使能源集团安全高效矿井建设工作再上一个新台阶。
能源调查报告范文第2篇
一、能源消耗总体情况
2012年，我局办公楼总建筑面积750平方米;用能人数80人，其中编制人数20人;公车总数1辆，为汽油车。能源资源消耗主要是办公及日常用电、用水，公车耗油等。
2012年全年用电消耗37265.79千瓦时;用水消耗1195.85立方米;汽油消耗4878.89升。单位建筑面积用电量为49.69度/平方米?年，人均用电量为1863.29千瓦时/年，人均用水为59.79升/年，人均单车耗汽油量243.94升/年。
二、能源资源消耗变动情况
经统计，2012年能源资源消耗呈现“有升有降，总体下降”的态势。其中，人均用电量同比下降13.58%，人均用水量同比下降16.7%，人均车耗汽油量同比下降7.22%。2012年度能源消耗总量同比下降10.32%，实现局级用电、用水、用油能耗指标节约5%以上。
三、下一步的工作打算
2012年我局公共机构节能工作取得了一定成效。但从总体上看，与县委县政府的要求仍有差距。下一步我局将重点采取以下措施，进一步提高公共机构节能的成效。
(一)加大节能改造力度。加强对大能耗设备的监控，尽量减少使用并加大改造力度。严格执行车辆淘汰制度。加快淘汰高耗能的办公设备，完成节能灯管的更换，积极推进办公室资源循环利用。
(二)加强节能宣传教育。进一步增强工作人员公共机构节能的意识，增强工作的主动性和自觉性。适时举办节能专题讲座，提高节能管理能力，营造公共机构节能的良好氛围。
(三)深化机关节能管理。严格执行我局已有的各项节能制度规定，强化公务车节油、车辆维修、办公节电、日常节水、办公耗材、通讯和邮资、公务接待费用、差旅费用、会议费用、印刷费用及其它节能事务管理措施。
能源调查报告范文第3篇
- U.S. Secretary of Energy Steven Chu Madam President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, faculty, family, friends, and, most importantly, today’s graduates, Thank you for letting me share this wonderful day with you. I am not sure I can live up to the high standards of Harvard Commencement speakers. Last year, J.K. Rowling, the billionaire novelist, who started as a classics student, graced this podium. The year before, Bill Gates, the mega-billionaire philanthropist and computer nerd stood here. Today, sadly, you have me. I am not wealthy, but at least I am a nerd. I am grateful to receive an honorary degree from Harvard, an honor that means more to me than you might care to imagine. You see, I was the academic black sheep of my family. My older brother has an M.D./Ph.D. from MIT and Harvard while my younger brother has a law degree from Harvard. When I was awarded a Nobel Prize, jwothe announcement, she replied, “That’s nice, but when are you going to visit me next.” Now, as the last brother with a degree from Harvard, maybe, at last, she will be satisfied. Another difficulty with giving a Harvard commencement address is that some of you may disapprove of the fact that I have borrowed material from previous speeches. I ask that you forgive me for two reasons. First, in order to have impact, it is important to deliver the same message more than once. In science, it is important to be the first person to make a discovery, but it is even more important to be the last person to make that discovery. Second, authors who borrow from others are following in the footsteps of the best. Ralph Waldo Emerson, who graduated from Harvard at the age of 18, noted “All my best thoughts were stolen by the ancients.” Picasso declared “Good artists borrow. Great artists steal.” Why should commencement speakers be held to a higher standard? I also want to point out the irony of speaking to graduates of an institution that would have rejected me, had I the chutzpah to apply. I am married to “Dean Jean,” the former dean of admissions at Stanford. She assures me that she would have rejected me, if given the chance. When I showed her a draft of this speech, she objected strongly to my use of the word “rejected.” She never rejected applicants; her letters stated that “we are unable to offer you admission.” I have difficulty understanding the difference. After all, deans of admissions of highly selective schools are in reality, “deans of rejection.” Clearly, I have a lot to learn about marketing.
My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses. The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks. This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed. As Oscar Wilde said, “The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on. It is never of any use to oneself.” So, here comes the advice. First, every time you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible. Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself. Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success. To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them. Also, of course, thank Harvard. Should you forget, there’s an alumni association to remind you. Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit. In all negotiations, don’t bargain for the last, little advantage. Leave the change on the table. In your collaborations, always remember that “credit” is not a conserved quantity. In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit. Another difficulty with giving a Harvard commencement address is that some of you may disapprove of the fact that I have borrowed material from previous speeches. I ask that you forgive me for two reasons. First, in order to have impact, it is important to deliver the same message more than once. In science, it is important to be the first person to make a discovery, but it is even more important to be the last person to make that discovery. Second, authors who borrow from others are following in the footsteps of the best. Ralph Waldo Emerson, who graduated from Harvard at the age of 18, noted “All my best thoughts were stolen by the ancients.” Picasso declared “Good artists borrow. Great artists steal.” Why should commencement speakers be held to a higher standard? I also want to point out the irony of speaking to graduates of an institution that would have rejected me, had I the chutzpah to apply. I am married to “Dean Jean,” the former dean of admissions at Stanford. She assures me that she would have rejected me, if given the chance. When I showed her a draft of this speech, she objected strongly to my use of the word “rejected.” She never rejected applicants; her letters stated that “we are unable to offer you admission.” I have difficulty understanding the difference. After all, deans of admissions of highly selective schools are in reality, “deans of rejection.” Clearly, I have a lot to learn about marketing. My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses. The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks. This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed. As Oscar Wilde said, “The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on. It is never of any use to oneself.” So, here comes the advice. First, every time you
celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible. Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself. Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success. To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them. Also, of course, thank Harvard. Should you forget, there’s an alumni association to remind you. Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit. In all negotiations, don’t bargain for the last, little advantage. Leave the change on the table. In your collaborations, always remember that “credit” is not a conserved quantity. In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit. Here is my final piece of advice. Pursuing a personal passion is important, but it should not be your only goal. When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done. The source of that pride won’t be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received. It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made. After nine years at Bell labs, I decided to leave that warm, cozy ivory tower for what I considered to be the “real world,” a university. Bell Labs, to quote what was said about Mary Poppins, was “practically perfect in every way,” but I wanted to leave behind something more than scientific articles. I wanted to teach and give birth to my own set of scientific children. Ted Geballe, a friend and distinguished colleague of mine at Stanford, who also went from Berkeley to Bell Labs to Stanford years earlier, described our motives best: “The best part of working at a university is the students. They come in fresh, enthusiastic, open to ideas, unscarred by the battles of life. They don’t realize it, but they’re the recipients of the best our society can offer. If a mind is ever free to be creative, that’s the time. They come in believing textbooks are authoritative, but eventually they figure out that textbooks and professors don’t know everything, and then they start to think on their own. Then, I begin learning from them.”
My students, post doctoral fellows, and the young researchers who worked with me at Bell Labs, Stanford, and Berkeley have been extraordinary. Over 30 former group members are now professors, many at the best research institutions in the world, including Harvard. I have learned much from them. Even now, in rare moments on weekends, the remaining members of my biophysics group meet with me in the ether world of cyberspace. I began teaching with the idea of giving back; I received more than I gave. This brings me to the final movement of this speech. It begins with a story about an extraordinary scientific discovery and a new dilemma that it poses. It’s a call to arms and about making a difference.
In the last several decades, our climate has been changing. Climate change is not new: the Earth went through six ice ages in the past 600,000 years. However, recent measurements show that the climate has begun to change rapidly. The size of the North Polar Ice Cap in the month of September is only half the size it was a mere 50 years ago. The sea level which been rising since direct measurements began in 1870 at a rate that is now five times faster than it was at the beginning of recorded measurements. Here’s the remarkable scientific discovery. For the first time in human history, science is now making predictions of how our actions will affect the world 50 and 100 years from now. These changes are due to an increase in carbon dioxide put into the atmosphere since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. The Earth has warmed up by roughly 0.8 degrees Celsius since the beginning of the Revolution. There is already approximately a 1 degree rise built into the system, even if we stop all greenhouse gas emissions today. Why? It will take decades to warm up the deep oceans before the temperature reaches a new equilibrium. If the world continues on a business-as-usual path, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that there is a fifty-fifty chance the temperature will exceed 5 degrees by the end of this century. This increase may not sound like much, but let me remind you that during the last ice age, the world was only 6 degrees colder. During this time, most of Canada and the United States down to Ohio and Pennsylvania were covered year round by a glacier. A world 5 degrees warmer will be very different. The change will be so rapid that many species, including Humans, will have a hard time adapting. I’ve been told for example, that, in a much warmer world, insects were bigger. I wonder if this thing buzzing around is a precursor. We also face the specter of nonlinear “tipping points” that may cause much more severe changes. An example of a tipping point is the thawing of the permafrost. The permafrost contains immense amounts of frozen organic matter that have been accumulating for millennia. If the soil melts, microbes will spring to life and cause this debris to rot. The difference in biological activity below freezing and above freezing is something we are all familiar with. Frozen food remains edible for a very long time in the freezer, but once thawed, it spoils quickly. How much methane and carbon dioxide might be released from the rotting permafrost? If even a fraction of the carbon is released, it could be greater than all the greenhouse gases we have released to since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Once started, a runaway effect could occur. The climate problem is the unintended consequence of our success. We depend on fossil energy to keep our homes warm in the winter, cool in the summer, and lit at night; we use it to travel across town and across continents. Energy is a fundamental reason for the prosperity we enjoy, and we will not surrender this prosperity. The United States has 3 percent of the world population, and yet, we consume 25 percent of the energy. By contrast, there are 1.6 billion people who don’t have access to electricity. Hundreds of millions of people still cook with twigs or dung. The life we
enjoy may not be within the reach of the developing world, but it is within sight, and they want what we have. Here is the dilemma. How much are we willing to invest, as a world society, to mitigate the consequences of climate change that will not be realized for at least 100 years? Deeply rooted in all cultures, is the notion of generational responsibility. Parents work hard so that their children will have a better life. Climate change will affect the entire world, but our natural focus is on the welfare of our immediate families. Can we, as a world society, meet our responsibility to future generations? While I am worried, I am hopeful we will solve this problem. I became the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in part because I wanted to enlist some of the best scientific minds to help battle against climate change. I was there only four and a half years, the shortest serving director in the 78-year history of the Lab, but when I left, a number of very exciting energy institutes at the Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley had been established. I am extremely privileged to be part of the Obama administration. If there ever was a time to help steer America and the world towards a path of sustainable energy, now is the time. The message the President is delivering is not one of doom and gloom, but of optimism and opportunity. I share this optimism. The task ahead is daunting, but we can and will succeed. We know some of the answers already. There are immediate and significant savings in energy efficiency and conservation. Energy efficiency is not just low-hanging fruit; it is fruit lying on the ground. For example, we have the potential to make buildings 80 percent more efficient with investments that will pay for themselves in less than 15 years. Buildings consume 40 percent of the energy we use, and a transition to energy efficient buildings will cut our carbon emissions by one-third. We are revving up the remarkable American innovation machine that will be the basis of a new American prosperity. We will invent much improved methods to harness the sun, the wind, nuclear power, and capture and sequester the carbon dioxide emitted from our power plants. Advanced bio-fuels and the electrification of personal vehicles make us less dependent on foreign oil. In the coming decades, we will almost certainly face higher oil prices and be in a carbon-constrained economy. We have the opportunity to lead in development of a new, industrial revolution. The great hockey player, Wayne Gretzky, when asked, how he positions himself on the ice, he replied,“ I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it’s been.” America should do the same. The Obama administration is laying a new foundation for a prosperous and sustainable energy future, but we don’t have all of the answers. That’s where you come in. In this address, I am asking you, the Harvard graduates, to join us. As our future intellectual leaders, take the time to learn more about what’s at stake, and then
act on that knowledge. As future scientists and engineers, I ask you to give us better technology solutions. As future economists and political scientists, I ask you to create better policy options. As future business leaders, I ask that you make sustainability an integral part of your business. Finally, as humanists, I ask that you speak to our common humanity. One of the cruelest ironies about climate change is that the ones who will be hurt the most are the most innocent: the worlds poorest and those yet to be born. The coda to this last movement is borrowed from two humanists. The first quote is from Martin Luther King. He spoke on ending the war in Vietnam in 1967, but his message seems so fitting for today’s climate crisis:
“This call for a worldwide fellowship that lifts neighborly concern beyond one’s tribe, race, class, and nation is in reality a call for an all-embracing and unconditional love for all mankind. This oft misunderstood, this oft misinterpreted concept, so readily dismissed by the Nietzsches of the world as a weak and cowardly force, has now become an absolute necessity for the survival of man … We are now faced with the fact, my friends, that tomorrow is today. We are confronted with the fierce urgency of now. In this unfolding conundrum of life and history, there is such a thing as being too late.”
The final message is from William Faulkner. On December 10th, 1950, his Nobel Prize banquet speech was about the role of humanists in a world facing potential nuclear holocaust. “I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. The poet’s, the writer’s, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past.”
能源调查报告范文第4篇
太阳能发电装机容量达4.5兆瓦, 成为国内面积最大的太阳能光伏电池示范区;交通零排放, 公共交通将使用氢能源车、超级电容车等清洁能源车辆;大规模应用节能技术, 新型半导体LED照明系统、江水源热能采集等等新技术的应用, 齐聚2010年的上海。
本届世博会对新能源技术的重视超过了以往的任何一届。六年来世博科技专项支持的几十项技术攻关的创新成果, 为我们展示出后世博城市雏形:从各种可替代能源, 到更有效率的传统能源使用方式, 再到包括衣食住行在内的各个使用能源的产品终端, 新能源带来新的商业机会……
开创“太阳能世博标杆”
正值春雨连绵, 远望去中国馆的斗冠红柱仿佛增了些飘渺, 别样味道。
恐怕再早几个月, 上海太阳能工程技术研究中心的郝国强博士及一干人等还没心情赏这雨润烟浓的景儿。中心承担了世博会太阳能规划设计工作, 这片国内面积最大的太阳能光伏电池示范区, 得经得住阴雨天、尤其是连续性阴雨天气的考验。
与石油、煤炭等矿物燃料不同, 太阳辐射能的光热、光电和光化学的直接转换不会导致温室效应和全球性气候变化, 也不会造成环境污染, 对满足人类经济社会不断增长的能源需求, 实现可持续发展意义非同寻常。
在2000年德国汉诺威举办的世博会上, 展示了当时世界最先进的太阳能建筑、光伏发电装置和当时世界最大的太阳能游艇, 点燃了21世纪“太阳能世纪”的星火。随后的几年里, 全球的太阳能技术日新月异, 太阳能产业以每年30%的速度递增。在2005年的日本爱知世博会上, 出现了输出功率分别为200千瓦、30千瓦和100千瓦的多晶硅、双面受光型单晶硅和非晶硅的太阳能电池。所展示的这些太阳能发电技术表明太阳能等可再生能源能够以较高的效率提供电力, 缓解传统能源供给紧张问题, 并为保护环境、实现循环型的社会模式做出贡献。
2010年, 绿色世博。这片园区内使用量最大的新能源就是太阳能。太阳能发电 (光伏) 产品集中应用到中国馆、世博中心、主题馆和南市电厂的屋顶、玻璃幕墙上, 与建筑融为一体, 所谓光伏建筑一体化。一体化的设计和建设比单独建设太阳能发电系统节约成本30%以上, 建成后的太阳能发电系统总装机容量约4.6兆瓦, 并且已经实现了与电网的并网, 这一应用规模远大于历届世博会。根据计算, 世博园区光伏建筑一体化系统年平均发电量为408万千瓦时, 可减排二氧化碳3330吨。
而此前人们觉得太阳能建筑还离之甚远。“用太阳发电的楼?只是个概念性的摆设吧。”“太阳能的概念普及相当早, 但多数并不了解发展状况。很多人一说起太阳能只会想到热水器。”几名行业中人的脸上飘过无奈。他们还不知, 更有甚者的脑海里, 太阳能的代表是汽车窗前那个不插电就摇头晃脑的塑料叶子。
倒是上海出租车司机于师傅, 因常在太阳能研究中心附近行驶, 更了解些前沿动态:“他们的楼就是太阳能建筑, 三面儿墙都是湛蓝的电池板, 楼里用的就是太阳能发的电。”
就他的话向郝博士求证, 得到了肯定的答案。研究中心的楼群不仅屋顶、幕墙, 连外面的地砖、草坪也都有所“埋伏”了太阳能电池, 太阳能并网发电系统总安装容量为1.18兆瓦, 日常实验耗能基本自给自足。作为前身, 这座楼给世博馆解决了关键技术, 也供世博园区作参考。
以为他们有了这个样本, 接手世博馆应是驾轻就熟。
然而, “就电池技术而言, 我们敢说达到成熟水平。但世博园中的光伏建筑一体化不是简单将电池附着在建筑物上, 靠建筑物作支撑;而是光伏组件以一种建筑材料的形式出现。”郝博士称这才是大的难点:在不同的地点、高度以及不同的安装方式, 对电池组件力学性能要求是完全不同的。
大面积采用太阳能电池组件来当幕墙和采光顶, 要求电池技术既能满足抗风压、冰雹、雷击的系数;亦需符合建筑物的实验、安全要求;更得保证一个长时间的可靠性。在连绵雨期中的持续正常工作, 只是其中一项指标。
“建筑师们头一回如此大幅度迁就了光伏技术的可用性, 我们则要兼顾建筑工程的力与美。”现在听郝博士讲来很是热闹, 但可想而知彼时是怎样一番焦头烂额的场景。
举例讲, 设在主题馆的电池组件, 不得不考虑它南北跨180米的无柱空间结构, 结果其成为了目前亚洲最大的单体建筑太阳能屋面;而在中国馆, 电池组件要成为“东方之冠”艺术效果的一部分;世博中心馆, 节能的同时, 可以提供强大的能源支持, 实现年发电100万度。“这个数字, 可供约2000户居民一年用电。”郝博士微笑, “太阳能在世博的应用是一个标杆。”
即便在上海世博会结束后, 几座永久性建筑, 将一直顶着那湛蓝的大屋板, 将其清洁低碳的身份展示给每一个来这里的人看;年轻的父母散步路过, 会指着太阳, 讲解给小小的孩子听:这几所场馆发的电, 早已惠及周边百姓。
开启“半导体照明元年”
在上海半导体照明工程技术研究中心, 有个“LED生活体验馆”, 其中一间异常迷人:在四面墙壁和天花板上遍装LED光纤灯来模仿银河星辰, 光纤隐匿于墙中, 点亮时见光源不见灯体, 只觉星星点点弥漫身遭, 抬头见一颗天枢星似摘手可得……
LED全称发光二极管, 最早红色, 后有黄、绿。但彼时多用于信号指示, 直到上世纪90年代蓝光LED划时代问世。利用荧光体与蓝光LED的组合, 可轻易获得白光, 这是LED走上照明之路。
但其速度之快, 用研究中心熊峰博士的话讲, 叫一夜之间百花齐放。
这个新一代光源的优势太明显, 生产绿色, 使用节能, 被称为人类照明史上继白炽灯、荧光灯、高压气体放电灯之后的又一次飞跃。
2010年上海世博会上, LED尽施拳脚, 广泛出现在室内外照明、景观装饰、指示牌、信息显示屏、演出布景等方方面面。目前看, 整座世博园有望成为全球最大的LED集中示范区。
这其实不是人们第一次见LED大出风头。2008年北京奥运会是高亮度、大功率LED成功应用的典范, 那场精彩开幕式兼成为了当时最大的一场LED灯光秀。但这以后, 好些人还不是很分得清LED灯与霓虹灯、胶管彩灯的区别, 毕竟城市的夜晚, 它们都能见于招牌的勾边。
“专业的人可以很容易从光线就分辨出白炽灯与LED灯。但对大众来说, 教一百个好道理, 不如一瞬亲见。”熊峰说, “这是LED在世博和在奥运不一样的地方, 5个月里, 无数的人会到这里来与世博科技互动, 他们能看到、摸到、感受到LED照明。甚至, 是感觉, 科技无形的牵引, 往往会在更长的时间里表现出它的力量。”
熊峰指出生活随处可见的LED:交通信号灯、显示屏广告牌, 银行的股指走势屏……“虽然生活中已入寻常百姓家, 但LED还是有它的不成熟之处:其自身发展的过快, 以致配套产业跟不上;比之国外, 我们的LED产业很显稚嫩, 导致价格成为市场这一环最难啃的骨头。”
LED灯成本高于白炽灯, 光纤LED更是不菲。时有访客觊觎星空房间, 通常想将私人住所照搬打造, 但在听了报价后, 都按下这个不切实际的梦。
在熊峰看来, 2010年上海世博会是LED技术一个再好不过的契机和平台:示范概念向民众, 检验技术给自己, 展示理念为将来。
由世博轴、中国馆、主题馆、世博中心和演艺中心所组成的“一轴四馆”, 作为世博会的永久建筑, 其LED的照明的大量应用, 既能符合“生态世博, 科技世博, 人文世博”理念, 又能展示LED创新成果, 对LED照明工程的起到示范推广作用。同时, 还充分考虑了世博会会后的后续利用和可持续发展需要, 展示和延续“城市, 让生活更美好”的主题, 促进上海半导体照明产业技术能级提高, 推动上海半导体照明产业规模化发展。
能源调查报告范文第5篇
目前我国能源安全主要存在三个问题：一是由于国内环境治理制约能源消费增量，全球应对气候变化要求能源低碳发展，环境容量已成为制约我国能源安全的重大问题；二是由于国际能源技术和经济竞争加剧，能源技术水平已成为重要的能源安全保障因素和经济竞争力，我国必须要加快能源技术创新；三是由于我国能源消费总量大、增速仍然过快和煤炭占比过高、消费结构不合理，油气对外依存度大，非化石能源近中期占比仍十分有限，我国的能源消费现忧不可持续，严重影响能源安全。
面对以上新形势，我们必须树立包括能源供给安全、能源环境与生态安全、能源科技安全和能源经济安全的新型能源安全观，加强能源安全保障。
一是树立以科学供给满足合理需求的能源供给安全观。保障能源供应安全必须由单纯增加供应，转向由供给侧和需求侧双向制约提供保障的观念，把抑制不合理需求提升到保障我国能源安全的战略高度。
二是树立能源环境与生态安全观。要由片面强调保供，转向只能在生态环境治理前提下提高能源服务水平。把解决能源开发利用造成的生态环境问题提升到国家安全的战略高度。
三是树立增强国际竞争力的能源科技安全和能源经济安全观。发达国家利用科技优势提高能效、优化能源结构、降低能源成本，形成新的竞争优势。我国长远能源安全观应基于能源科技创新和产业的振兴，基于推动能源生产和消费革命，基于提高我国经济竞争力，牢固树立开放的有竞争力的能源安全观。
建设全面的能源安全保障，要经过长期努力，近期需要把能源环境安全放到更重要的地位，着重解决能源清洁化问题，保证合理的能源需求增长。同时也要加快能源技术研发创新，为中远期的能源技术革命，和实现绿色低碳化发展做好准备。中远期要通过能源的需求合理化，供应的科学化、多元化、洁净化、低碳化，实现我国可持续的能源安全保障。
要重视体制机制改革对建设全面能源安全保障的重要作用。必须树立从消费到供应的整体能源系统优化概念，推动能源生产和消费革命，打破只顾局部利益最大化、忽视整体优化的障碍。要用有力的改革推动能源安全。具体对策建议和量化目标如下：
一是强化节能和能源消费总量控制目标。将2015年的能源消费切实控制在40亿吨以内，2017年煤炭消费占比控制在65%或以下，2020年能源消费总量控制在45亿吨之内。
引导能源合理消费，提高能源效率，加强节能降耗，限制能源消费过快增长是我国全面实现能源安全的基础。重点控制煤炭和石油的消费总量，切实降低煤炭消费比例。通过节能和加快天然气与非煤能源发展，力争煤炭消费总量基本不增加。若将2017年煤炭消费占一次能源总量调控到64%，实现此目标，必须适度控制石油消费增幅，比重降低到16.5%；增加非化石能源比重，比重提高到11.5%；增加天然气比重，比重达到8.0%。
二是大力推进化石能源特别是煤炭的清洁高效的开发和利用。在相当长一段时期内，煤炭仍将是中国能源的主体，实现煤炭清洁高效利用，是我国能源安全的基本要求。治理大气污染，更需要解决煤炭清洁利用问题。
我国煤炭清洁高效可持续开发利用战略的三大核心目标是清洁、高效、可持续。到2030年，清洁的目标为，燃煤排放的二氧化硫、氮氧化物和烟尘排放量均比2010年降低50%左右；高效目标的平均供电煤耗和煤炭系统效率分别达到310克标煤/度和52%；可持续目标包括消费量控制、开发量控制、科学产能比重，分别要控制在40亿吨、38亿吨以内和85%以上。
实现上述战略目标的举措是：“科技驱动、科学开发、全面提质、输运优化、先进发电、转化升级、节能降耗”。通过实施七项举措，推进实现煤炭开发利用领域的七大转变：煤炭发展由要素驱动为主向科技驱动方式转变；是煤炭开发由以需定产向科学开发方式转变；煤炭由粗放供给向提质后对口配送方式转变；煤炭输运由单一输煤向输煤输电并举转变；燃煤发电由局部领先向整体节能环保转变；煤化工由低效高污染向高效清洁发展转变；高耗能行业节煤由单一技术向结构、技术、管理集约转变。
三是切实提高天然气消费比例。
在继续加大常规天然气勘探开发力度的同时，要进一步提升非常规天然气开发利用的战略地位，积极推动致密气、煤层气、页岩气和天然气水合物等非常规天然气的开发。力争2020年和2030年前三者分别达到800、500、200亿立方米和1200、900、1000亿立方米的产量，天然气水合物分别进行试验性开采和商业化开发。2020年使国产天然气总产量达到2500亿—3000亿立方米，加大国外天然气引进力度，消费量达到4000亿立方米，占一次能源消费的12%以上。2030年国产气达到4000亿—4500亿立方米，消费量达到5500亿—6000亿立方米。
四是把新能源技术和产业的发展作为我国能源安全的长期战略要点。从科技、政策、体制等几方面推进可再生能源（含水电、风电、太阳能、生物质能、垃圾资源化利用、地热、海洋能）和核电等非化石能源的稳步发展，显著增加它们在我国一次能源中的比重，占领绿色、低碳发展战略制高点，这是我国能源长远竞争力的核心，也是保证我国能源安全的长远大计。应确保非化石能源2020年占比大于15%，力争2030年大于25%。
加快水电开发，水电是优质可再生能源，我国还有2亿多万千瓦的水电可以开发利用。水电开发宜早不宜晚，早开发早见效。水电开发对环境和生态的影响低于煤炭等化石能源，在开发中可以同步解决。移民问题可以用水电的效益妥善解决。
“核电安全，人命关天”，将“战略必争、确保安全、稳步高效”确立为我国核电发展的战略方针，稳步地发展规模核电。2020年运行容量将达5800万千瓦，在建3000万千瓦；2030年达到1.5亿—2亿千瓦，占总发电量的10%以上；快堆技术逐步商用推广，建立核燃料闭式循环；2050年达到3.5亿—4亿千瓦装机，占总发电量的20%。
五是引导石油合理消费，抑制石油进口过快增长。石油供给仍然是我国能源安全的重要因素。抑制石油消费过快增长，防止石油对外依存度过高，是提高能源安全度的重要一环。本世纪以来，我国石油消费保持快速增长。石油（原油及成品油）的净进口量超过3亿吨。国内石油资源赋存条件差，石油2亿吨左右产量已经进入峰值区，主要依靠进口满足消费增加。保障石油供应须以引导合理消费为前提，我国目前汽车年制造和销售均超过2000万辆，已经远远高于美国高潮时期产销量，而汽车产能还在高速扩张，应加强对汽车产业政策的引导。同时多渠道解决供应问题，包括替代石油。若维持石油60%左右的依存度，必须要有替代，醇醚燃料、先进的煤、生物质制得的液体燃料均可替代。
六是建立开放式能源安全体系，拓宽国内外两个市场，充分利用外部资源。积极进口石油、天然气、金属铀、电力和其他能源资源等，保障供给和增加战略储备，是我国能源安全不可或缺的要素。要继续实行能源走出去战略，增加国际能源供给能力，提高我国能源投资优化程度，改善投资效益，加强能源经济实力。