第一篇：考研英语翻译真题解析
2013考研英语(一)翻译真题及解析
2013考研英语
(一)翻译真题及解析--中域教育网
46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.解析
考察重点：非谓语动词做后置定语，状语从句，插入语
这个句子结构非常清晰：it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles,
these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.是主句，其中for all their diversity of styles是插入语。 时间壮语从句yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless,提前至主句之前，其中created by the homeless 是过去分词短语充当后置定语，用来修饰 the gardens。 词汇的识别：句子中的动词looks at，对应的宾语是 the photographs of the gardens,因此翻译成“观看”。句子中created by the homeless对应的宾语是 the gardens,因此翻译成“创建、建立”。句子中的动词speak of对应的宾语是 various other fundamental urges，因此翻译成“透露、显示、表明”。
参考翻译：然而当我们观看那些由无家可归的人创建的家园的照片时，它们的那些各种各样的风格，会给人以深深的震撼。这些家园在它的装饰和创造性表示之上，透露出了其他基本的需求。
评分标准：三个动词 “look at, created by the homeless和speak of”的翻译各占0.5分，目标汉语的通顺流畅占0.5分。
47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need. 解析
考察重点：让步壮语从句，插入语，比较状语从句
这个句子结构简洁：A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need,是主句，其中, however crude it may be,是让步壮语从句充当插入语; as opposed to shelter which is a distinctly animal need.是比较状语从句。
词汇的识别：句子中的三个系词在表与信息的提示之下分别翻译成为“是人类的基本需求”;“无论多么粗糙(贫瘠)”;“是动物的基本需求”。
参考翻译：一块神圣的和平之地，不管它有多么粗糙，它都是一种人类基本的需求，和庇护所相反，那只是动物的基本需求。
评分标准：三个系词的翻译各占0.5分，目标汉语的通顺流畅占0.5分。
48. The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such
解析：
考察重点：定语从句
这个句子结构简洁： The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from it to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such是主句，其中 which are in effect homeless garden 是定语从句修饰 The gardens of the homeless; 定语从句where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such修饰先行词 an urban environment。
参考翻译： 无家可归的人的家园，事实上是无所谓家的家园，给要么是不存在的，要么是无法分辨得清的城市环境引入了一种形式。评分标准：动词短语“introduce from it to”、系词“are”、“didn’t exist, was not discernible”的翻译各占0.5分，目标汉语的通顺流畅占0.5分。
49 . Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic
解析
考察重点：时间壮语从句，定语从句
这个句子结构稍显复杂：Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions 是主句，其中, which we usually blame on some psychological conditions 是定语从句 until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.是时间状语从句。
词汇的识别：动词短语“give in”在宾语 demoralization of spirit的指导下，翻译为“屈服于”;“blame which on some psychological conditions”中的blame翻译成为“推卸到”;find发现，feel感受到。参考翻译： 我们当中大多数人都屈服于精神的道德败坏，我们经常把这种精神上的败坏推卸到心理环境上，直到有一天我们发现自己处于一个家园当中，并感受到这种压迫好像魔法一样消失.
评分标准：三组动词的翻译各占0.5分，目标汉语的通顺流畅占0.5分。
50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.
解析：
考察重点：强调句型，插入语
这个句子结构稍显复杂： It is this „„that „„是强调句型，还原成正常语序后句子表达为“this implicit or explicit reference to nature fully justifies the use of the word garden”;though in a“liberated”sense是插入语。
词汇的识别：动词“justify”在宾语 the use of word garden的指导下，翻译为“证实„是合理的”;动词“describe”在宾语“these synthetic constructions”的指导之下翻译成“描述”。
参考翻译： 正是这种隐晦或明显的涉及自然，尽管是从一种解放的意义上来说, 充分地证实了用来描述这些人造建筑的花园这个单词很贴切。
评分标准：两个动词的翻译各占0.5分，强调句型的翻译占0.5分，目标汉语的通顺流畅占0.5分。
第二篇：2013年12月英语四级翻译真题解析及点评
2013年12月英语四级翻译真题解析及点评：中餐(沪江网校版) 2013年12月四级翻译
原文：
许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。
译文：
Many people are fond of Chinese cuisine. In China, it is not only regarded as a craftsmanship, but also as an art. An exquisitely prepared Chinese cuisine is a feast for both the mouth and the eyes. The culinary skill and dish ingredients vary in different regions of China, but good Chinese cuisines always share something in common, i.e. the color,aroma, taste and nutrition. As food is vital for one’s health, a good chef always tries to strike a balance among grains, meat and vegetables. That’s why Chinese cuisine is tasty and healthy.
【点评】
本段翻译原文是常见的中国文化题材：中餐(Chinese cuisine/Chinese food)，用词也都是与食物相关的高频词汇，如“谷物”“肉类”“口感”“营养”等，也提示了考生在复习时可以通过主题分类进行词汇学习、记忆。翻译中可用到的句型也都比较常见，没有特别复杂的表达，但是在表达上要注意准确性和连贯性。
2013年12月英语四级翻译点评(沪江网校版)
2013年8月四级考试迎来了新题型改革，分值和题型考查方变化最大的是句子翻译变成了汉译英的段落翻译。大家纷纷叫苦不迭，似乎难倒一众考生。然而，实际情况是翻译难度不升反降，且听三大理由一一道来。
理由一：语法错误不再纠结 采分点更易“踩中”
段落翻译本身与之前的句子翻译相比，更容易踩中得分点。与句子翻译中的虚拟语气、倒装、强调句等考生们较难掌握的语法点相比，段落翻译只要写出完整的句子，表达了与采分点相近的意思，也能有所得分，也就不会因语法错误，而一分不得，“颗粒无收”。
新题型翻译评分标准明确指出：“基本切题，有些地方思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误，为7-9分档;切题。表达思想清楚，文字较连贯，但有少量语言错误，为10-12分档。”从对连贯性的要求来看，大部分考生应该都能落在这些区间档。因为表达思想或切题，拆分来看，更多是取决于单词、词组的积累量，这些考生不在话下。而连贯性和语言错误才是考生们十分紧张的语法。
理由二：段落翻译有诀窍 掌握“战术”多抢分
从已然落下帷幕的四级考题来看，考查知识点与考委会公布样题保持一致：中国文化。因此，考前反复用心认真研读或操练过样题翻译的考生们，相信并不会觉得太难。这恰巧是沪江网校课程和老师们一贯的倡导。
翻译考查题目的具体变化，并不影响考生们通过熟悉的句式、句型和“万变不离其宗”的翻译方法来争取得分。例如，四级考卷中“……之一”、“……越来越受欢迎”、“在XX期间”“XX遍布全国各地”和“意味着……”等这些知识点，相信学习过沪江网校新题型课程中“战术”——划分语块的考生们，一定觉得这些表达一点儿也不陌生。所以通过对句子语块划分以后，题目迎刃而解，轻松拿取得分点。而中国结、茶文化相关信息本身，在课程和班级节目“段落翻译天天练”中也都有所涉及。
沪江网校四级备考课程样题讲解示例：
样题：剪纸是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。
划分语块：剪纸 |(是) |中国最为流行的|传统民间艺术形式|之一。
相应翻译：Paper cutting|China|most popular|traditional folk art|one of+ n.(pl.) 拓展：流行 popular | widespread 受欢迎：be widespread | become popular 考题中的知识点：
……之一：one of + n.(pl.)
……受欢迎：be widespread / be popular / become popular
理由三：化繁为简 迂回翻译 表“情”达“意”即可
汉译英段落翻译的另一大解题特色是可以采用迂回翻译的方式。考生们在遇到自己不太会的个别动词或名词，可以采取绕开，用一些相似的意思去表达。长句太难，可以拆分为短句，只要没有明显的单词拼写错误和语言错误，意思表达贴近，也将拿取一定分数。
综上所述，段落翻译难度并未达到考生们心目中预设的难度。因此，大家放轻松。平时，注意跟着老师或专家，掌握正确的翻译方法，积累相关词汇和表达，与之前的句子翻译相比，翻译部分的得分率更易得到提升。
2013年12月英语四级翻译真题解析：信息技术(文都版) 【原文】
信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。
【 参考译文】
Nowadays, Information Technology is developing rapidly, and Chinese Citizens are putting more emphasis on it. Some schools and universities even make Information Technology one of the compulsory courses. People hold different views on this phenomenon. Some people deem that it is unnecessary to make Information Technology a required course in schools. Students should learn traditional curriculum. While other people think that it should be so, and they hold the attitude that China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology has drawn people’s attention.
【点评】
今年的大学英语六级考试题型改革后，翻译题从之前的单句汉译英“换装”为段落汉译英，这对于考生来说，无疑是一个更大的挑战。很多考生一看到整段的汉译英题目就头疼，因为他们对于这个题目太陌生了。从单句到段落的翻译，标志着国家对于考生英语水平的要求已经提高到了一个全新的层面。段落翻译考查的是考生的英语综合水平。
但从真题的出题角度来看，这次考试还是对考生相当得仁慈，考题要比考试样章中的题目来得简单得多。整篇翻译题就像是一篇四级作文，属于观点对立型的。主要是针对学校是否应该将信息技术这门课作为学生的必修课。其中阐述了两类人群的不同观点，这像极了我们四级考试作文题。比作文题还要简单的是，段落翻译已经给出了考生写作的思想，考生只需将其翻译成英文即可。
从真题的出题内容来看，这次的翻译题也没有考那些考生不熟悉的话题，而是对考生特别熟悉的信息技术进行了考查。而且，整篇翻译原文中并没有特别长的句子和特别难的表达。相信考生肯定可以从容应对的。
2013年12月英语四级翻译真题解析及点评：茶和咖啡(沪江网校版) 【原文】“你要茶还是要咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的题目，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病。在明清(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到十
七、十八世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的民族饮品，也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。
【译文】
"Tea or coffee?" Diners are frequently asked this question. Western people may choose coffee, while Chinese may prefer tea. It is said that 5,000 years ago, an emperor in China discovered tea and used it to cure disease.In the Ming and Qing Dynasty, tea houses could be found all over the country.Tea-drinking was introduced to Japan in the sixth century, but was not introduced to Europe and America until the 17th and 18th century. Up to now, tea has become one of the most popular beverages in the world. It is the national drink of China and an important part of Chinese traditional culture.
【点评】
考前许多同学对段落翻译都有望而生畏的感觉，但就实际考题来看，本段落的难度比样题更低，用一些基本的词汇和句型就足以完成翻译任务。所以考生平时要注重夯实基础，熟记基本的词汇句型，注意用词的准确和表达的清晰完整，面对考题时就能得心应手。 2013年12月英语四级翻译点评(文都版) 四六级考试首次对汉译英进行整段翻译的考查。这不仅考查我们学生的词汇量，同时也对一些重要的句型结构进行了考查。这里需要注意的是，同学们对于自己不熟悉的词汇和表达尽量灵活变换，找意思相近的词来替换。
今天上午四级的翻译题目没有太难的结构和表达，只要同学们平时做到了相应的学习和积累，绝对可以自如地进行应对!
下面是本次翻译题重点涉及的内容，只要写出任意一种都算对。
必修课程：required course，compulsory course
越来越… more and more, become increasingly
与时俱进 advance with the times，keep pace with the times，change with the times
不管如何 no matter how, anyway
引起重视 bring to the attention， pay attention to
原文：信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术(Information Technology)引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。
参考答案：As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly
development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a
compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon, people hold different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep
pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern.
2013年12月英语四级翻译真题解析及点评：中国结(沪江网校版) 2013年12月四级翻译
原文：
中国结(the Chinese knot) 最初是由手工艺人发明的。经过数百年不断的改造，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺(handcraft)代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。 译文：
The Chinese knot is originally invented by the handicraftsman. After several hundred years’ innovation, it has evolved into an elegant and colorful art and craft. In ancient times, it was used for recording events, while now it is mainly a decorative handicraft art. In Chinese, "Knot" means love, marriage and reunion. The Chinese knot is often used as a gift to express good wishes or a talisman to ward off evil spirits. The handcraft has passed on for generations and become more and more popular in China and the world.
【点评】
原文与样题“神似”，不管是题材、句式、用词以及难度都与样题“剪纸”如出一辙，相信按照样题模式进行练习，面对考题一定得心应手。同时文章中还出现了一些翻译中的高频词汇，如“由……发明”、“代代相传”、“意味着”、“世界各地”等等，以及用“while”表示对比等常见句式，充分说明只要语法词汇双管齐下，翻译准确率定能大大提升。
第三篇：2010年考研英语翻译解析
——根据《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲解析》(2010年版)
万学·海文英语教研中心
根据《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲解析》(2010年版)援引自考研英语大纲的内容，与2009年考研英语大纲相比，2010年考研英语大纲中对于英译汉部分没有做任何实质上的调整，依旧将其作为阅读理解中的Part C部分出现，还是测试考生的英文阅读理解能力和汉语表达能力，所以学生按原计划复习即可。考研英语中，对翻译的测试在逐渐加难，但是，如果掌握好一定的词汇量和扎实的语法知识，再加上对英译汉翻译技巧的熟练运用，得分还是挺容易的。下面具体分析一下考研英语中对翻译的考查及其解题技巧。
一、2010年考研英语大纲要求
《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲解析》(2010年版)援引自考研英语大纲的具体要求(Part C部分)：考研英语中，翻译主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中五个划线部分(约150词)译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
此题主要考查考生的词汇量、语法知识、阅读能力和汉语表达的综合运用能力，尤其注重考查考生能通过上下文理解词和短语含义的能力，因此要做好英译汉题目，要求考生既要有良好的英语基础和较强的在语篇中理解英语句子的能力，又要有扎实的汉语功底和英译汉的基本技能。
二、翻译部分命题趋势和特点
近年来，英译汉的试题难度在加大，主要体现在比较复杂的文章和句子结构比重加大。五个划线句子中，一般会有1—2个简单句，3—4个复合句;其中复合句存在多个从句嵌套的现象，对考生造成一定理解和表达难度，简单句也因修饰成分繁多、含有抽象意义的词等的存在而难度不小。因此，这五个句子要么语法结构复杂，要么逻辑关系繁复，并且这一现象历年来有增无减，今年也不会例外。所以我们建议2010的考生在备考的时候应该把更多的精力真正的放在扎扎实实提高自身英语语言能力、提高对于文章长难句和段落逻辑结构的把握上。在打下坚实的语言能力基础上，再加上一定的应试技巧和策略，才能真正在考研英语中取得好成绩。
三、翻译部分的特点
1) 从文章的题材来看，翻译题的选文题材多以反映自然科学、社会科学的常识性报刊
评论文章为主。并且内容涉及到有重要现实意义的题材，如环境、能源、科技创新、民主、生命科学、宇宙探索、信息技术等有现实意义的科普题材。这类选文知识性强，考察考生对词义的选择及引申，对原文理解的深度和语言的准确表达。考生在答这类题的时候，用汉语准确的表达出来是最难把握和最难得分的。
2) 从所选文章的文体来看，以议论文为主，说明文也较多，内容都比较抽象，结构都比较严谨，逻辑性也很强。
3) 从具体要求翻译的句子来看，长难句占多数，不过也有一些虽然不长，但是包含一些比较难理解的词汇和结构的句子。给理解和加以表达带来了困难。
四、备考策略
基于考研英语翻译的特点，结合翻译实践中具体的方法，我们在这部分的备考中应该注意：
1)词汇量。考研的词汇考的是词汇的深度，而不是词汇的广度，也就是考查同学们能不能真正的掌握和运用这个词汇，真正在上下文中理解这个词汇。所以建议同学们不是单纯的、简单的、机械的记住词的意思，而要真正的理解词汇在上下文中的具体用法。所以词汇的复习对于考研翻译，同时对阅读有着决定性的意义，大家准备的时候第一关首先要突破词汇关。
2)语法。大家需要对文章中的长难句进行一个重点的突破。在这个过程中，具体来讲，大家应该更多的从语法分析的角度入手，分清句子的主句和从句、句子的主干和修饰成分以及它们成分之间的逻辑关系，更好的理解句子。
3)翻译技巧。有意识的练习一下简单的翻译技巧，如长句拆分、词义引申、词性转换、代词指代的还原、被动语态、定语从句的前置与后置等。以便于考试时信手拈来，译出既通顺又准确完整的高质量译文。
4)多多练习，熟能生巧。英汉是两种不同的语言，要用汉语地道的表达出英语真正的意思，既要对英汉差异有个宏观的把握，又要对词法和句法的翻译技巧熟练运用。多做练习，方能总结经验教训，提高译文的质量。
五、具体翻译步骤和方法
【步骤】
翻译的步骤可以概括为理解、表达和核对三个部分。
首先是理解。略读全文，从整体上把握整篇文章的行文结构、主旨大意和基调;分析所
要求翻译的部分，弄清句子结构，先找出句子的主干或主句，明确代词所指代的词或短语的意思，再分析是否存在省略，主从关系如何等;进一步细化，分析词汇及惯用语，明确句子的整体意思及其在上下文中所处的地位。
其次是翻译，就是用自己的话把作者的意思再现出来，这一点对汉语的功底要求比较高，具体操作过程中要注意英汉两种语言的差异，简单一些的句子能直译就直译，实在难度较大的就直译和意译结合，总之，应当尽量使译文得体。
最后是检查核对，从某种意义上来说，这和翻译过程一样重要。具体应从以下几方面考虑：译文是否完整准确，是否通顺，有无扭曲原文意思，有无错译(如数字、日期等细节信息)、漏译(插入语等)。
【技巧方法】
考研翻译中对翻译技巧的考查较固定，主要包括词义的选择与引申、定语从句翻译技巧、被动语态的翻译以及长句的拆分等。下面我们就以被动语态的翻译方法为例进行下简单说明。
考研翻译文章中，科普类文章较多，这类文章客观性很强，故被动语态的使用较普遍。而被动语态在汉语中较少。由于这一差异的存在，多数情况下需要把英文的被动转换成汉语的主动。在汉语的主动句中，有些逻辑上是被动句，如：文章写完了。汉译时应该采取相应的形式。此外，汉语本身特有一些表示被动的语言手段可以加以利用。为了使译文符合汉语习惯，翻译被动句时，常常可以用一下几种方法：
1.变为汉语的主动形式
a. 被动句的主语仍译为汉语主动句的主语
They were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning.
是否要采取进一步行动，通过要求联邦立法完全禁止克隆人，在这个问题上，他们的意见有分歧。
b. by后面的动作的执行者作主语，英文原句中的主语作宾语。
During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.
在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。 c. done by结构，可译为：“是„„的”，“是由„„的”，“是因„„”，“是在„„”等。被
动语态表示一种状态时可以译为汉语的判断句型。
This picture was taken by my brother as he went to Yunnan.
这张照片是我弟弟去云南的时候拍摄的。
d. 主语+情态动词be done，直接翻译成汉语中的无主句。
The test should be canceled. 应该取消考试。
Additional International Standards may be added to the series in the future.
将来还可能对本系列标准增加若干项国际标准。
2. 译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。这不仅包括被字句，还包括汉语特有的表示被动的手段，如“被，受到，遭到，得到，陷入，沉浸于”等都可以表示被动意义。
The Apollo XII crew reported that their spaceship was being followed by two UFOs.
阿波罗十二号的宇航员曾报告说，他们的宇宙飞船正遭到两个不明飞行物的跟踪。
The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. (2002年翻译)
自然选择在进化中所起的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个人行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始得到承认和研究。
3. 添加广泛主语如“人们”、“大家”、“我们”、“你们”、“一个人”等。
The test should be canceled.
我们应该取消考试。
The area has been marked out for building more hotels.
人们划出这块地区用于建造更多的旅店。
最后，希望同学们不断的扩大阅读量，读一些跟我们考研英语文章非常接近，甚至出自同一来源的文章，这样才能了解考研英语的体裁、难度，最终达到考研的要求。希望大家在考研的过程中不断积累，充实自己，必能马到成功。祝大家考研顺利!
第四篇：历年考研英语翻译真题2
2002年英译汉试题
(31) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.
(32)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.
(33)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.
(34)They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.
(35) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.
2003年英译汉试题
(36)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
(37)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
(38)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
(39)Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”
(40)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture," like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
2004年英译汉试题
(41) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
(42) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.
(43) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.1
(44) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought ma society.
(45) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
2005年英译汉试题
(46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.
(47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.
(48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
(49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice
(50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”
2006年英译汉试题
(51) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.
(52) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
(53) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
(54) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
(55) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
2007年英译汉试题
(56) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
(57) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
(58) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
(59) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
(60) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
2008年英译汉试题
(61) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.
(62) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.
(63) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.
(64) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”
(65) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
2009年英译汉试题
(66) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.
(67) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
(68) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.
(69) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.
(70) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,
a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.
2010年英译汉试题
(71)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.
(72)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
(73)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species.
(74)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such ,within reason.
(75)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.
2011年英译汉试题
(76) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature
(77) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”
(78) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
(79)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .
(80) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.
46. yet, when onelooks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes onethat, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various otherfundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression。
【参考译文】然而，看着无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时，人们会突然想到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外的其他各种基本诉求
47. A sacred placeof peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed toshelter, which is a distinctly animal need。
【参考译文】无论地方多么简陋不堪，寻求一片静谧圣土是人类特有的需求，而动物需要的仅是仅是避难栖息之地。
48. The gardens ofthe homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urbanenvironment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such。
【参考译文】无家可归者的乐园，实际上是一个毫无家气息的地方，给城市环境带来了一种新的形式。。
无家可归者描绘的花园实质上是无所依附的，这些花园把一种形式引入城市环境中，而这样的城市环境中，形式要么根本不存在， 要么就完全不是以这种明显的方式存在。
49. most of usgive in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychologicalconditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppressionvanish as if by magic。
【参考译文】我们大多数人会深陷于精神萎靡的状态，并常常将此归咎为一些心理原因，直到某天我们发现自己置身花园中，感到如魔法般烦闷尽消
50. It is thisimplicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of theword garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these syntheticconstructions。
【参考译文】正是对自然的这种或隐晦含蓄或清晰直白的提及，充分证实了用“花园”一词来描述这些虚拟建筑是合乎情理的，即使是从毫无拘泥的意义来讲的。
第五篇：97年考研英语真题阅读翻译
No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. “Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator
没有一家公司愿意听到别人说自己引起了社会的道德败坏。上星期，参议员罗伯特·多尔质问时代--华纳公司的高级经理们时说：“难道Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold your 这就是你们要成就的事业吗?你们已经出卖了souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?” At 自己的灵魂，难道你们还一定要腐化我们这个民Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of 族，威胁我们的下一代吗?”不过，对于成立于the soul searching that has involved the company ever since the company
1990年的时代--华纳公司而言，这样的质问仅仅只是公司自我反思的最新表白，是在不同时期关was born in 1990. It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved 于责任、创作自由和公司底线问题的自我反省。
issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. 56岁的现任董事长杰拉德·莱文于1992年
罗斯，他现在成为了争
At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for 接替已故董事长斯蒂夫·the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure
论的焦点人物。在财政方面，他承受着抬高股价，减少公司巨额债务的压力。在谈妥两笔新的有线to raise the stock price and reduce the company’s mountainous debt, which 电视协议后，公司债务将达到173亿美元。他也will increase to 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has 答应出售部分财产并重组公司，而现在，投资者promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but 们却仍在焦急地等待着。 investors are waiting impatiently.
对于说唱音乐的吹捧并没使他的日子变得好过一些。莱文一直以说唱音乐是一种富于表现
The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has 力的演唱方式为理由来捍卫公司的这种音乐形consistently defended the company’s rap music on the grounds of 式。在1992年，当公司因出品冰特乐队狂暴的violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice T’s 说唱歌曲《警察杀手》而遭受了巨大的谴责时，
莱文说这是街头文化的合法表达方式，它应该有自己的宣泄途径。他在《华尔街日报》一篇专栏street culture, which deserves an outlet. “The test of any democratic 文章中写道：“对于任何一个民主社会的检验不society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it 在于它如何有效地控制各种言论和情感的表达，can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and 而在于社会是否给予了人们思考和表达的最广expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won’t retreat in the face of any threats.”
Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders’
泛的自由——不管有时这种做法的结果会引起多大争论和愤怒。在任何威胁面前，我们决不会退却。”
莱文不愿对上周的评论做出评论，但有迹上有所松动。在上个月的股东大会上，大家就摇滚乐的歌词问题进行了讨论。莱文强调“音乐不that the chairman was backing off his hard line stand, at least to some extent. 象表明这位董事长的强硬立场起码在一定程度meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society’s ills” and 是社会丑恶现象出现的原因”，他甚至还以他的even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to 儿子为例，后者是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师，
但他也谈communicate with students. But he talked as well about the “balanced 他用说唱音乐的形式与学生进行交流。struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he
到了创作自由和社会责任之间要“保持平衡”的问题。他还宣布，公司将全力为那些可能引起人announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for 们反感的音乐制定各种发行和标识的标准。
distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.
总的来说，时代--华纳公司的15位董事是his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their
但据内部消息人
The 15 member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and 支持莱文和公司的经营策略的。
士透露，其中有几位董事对此事表示担忧。“我们中的一些人多年来一直都知道宪法修正案第concerns in this matter. “Some of us have known for many, many years that 一条所说的自由并非毫无限制的自由，
”鲁斯说，the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,” says “但我觉得与公司有关系的一些人可能是最近才Luce. “I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the 意识到这一点。” company have only recently come to realize this.”