第一篇：bec中级考试作文归纳
BEC中级口试话题归纳总结
BEC中级口语题目及答案归纳
1.The first impression is vital. We should be neatly dressed to leave a good impression on the audience. 2.If you have a good sense of humor, it helps to enhance atmosphere at the presentation and the audience will become more friendly and engaging
Teamwork (mutual trust, full co-operation) 1. What is important when managing a project? Encouraging team work Keeping to schedule Selection of the team members Firstly, encouraging teamwork is very important when managing a project. Teamwork reflects the combined experiences, knowledge, intelligence and views of a group of people, so it will definitely improve the quality and efficiency of the work. Secondly, keeping to schedule is also important. Time is always of essence for a project. You should ensure that you would be running before the schedule rather than after it. Otherwise it will lead to late completion. On top of that, selection of the participants should be also taken into consideration. People with a wide range of experiences can enhance the chance of the successfully sorting out problems.
2. What is important when choosing people to work in teams? Variety of experience Personal qualities Attitude Firstly, variety of experience is very important to a team member, because you never know what kind of problems might suddenly come up to you. Experiences in different fields will enhance the chance of successfully sorting out problems with you knowledge which is based on your past experience Secondly, personal qualities are also important. The basis of the team work is mutual trust and friendly atmosphere, which requires team members to be patient, modest and to have good interpersonal skills. What’s more, attitude should be also taken into account. As the old saying goes “Attitude is everything”. It has a direct impact on the success or failure of the teamwork.
Recruiting & Selecting What is important when selecting staff for promotion? (selecting new applicants for candidates) Work- related qualities(专业素养) Personal qualities(人品) Current performance Experience Firstly, when aiming for promotion, work-related qualities are important .These qualities include qualifications, skills and abilities which are necessary for any job. Secondly, personal qualities are important as well, such as loyalty to the company,
1 responsibility and so on, since these can help to establish personal credibility and integrity among colleagues. On top of that, current performance is another factor to consider. Successful performance can at least demonstrate some aspects of the staff’s ability, such as communication skills, sales experiences and so on.
WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN…?
Selecting applicants for a job Working experience Personal qualities
I choose topic A-what is important when selecting applicants for a job. As to this topic, as far as I am concerned, there are 3 things to consider.
First, I think working experience is very important when selecting applicants. Applicants who have already had the work experience in the relevant fields will learn the new job easier and quicker. And it will also save the company a lot of training fees if the applicant has related experience.
Second, we must consider the personal qualities of the applicants, such as personality and health. Companies tend to employ people whose character fits a special job. For example, consulting company tends to employ applicant who is analytical and knowledgeable, but advertising agents like their employees to be energetic and creative.
Third, I believe language is of great importance when selecting applicants. Nowadays, we do business with people from all over the world. Always we buy goods from Africa, and sell our electronic product to Europe; a foreign language especially English is needed if the company wants to expand to the world. Applicants who can speak one or more foreign languages will have a better chance to get the job. WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN…?(常考)
Preparing for a job interview Studying the job advertisement Finding out about the company Before you go for an interview, you must make preparations so as to face the interviewer with more confidence. They include studying the job advertisement, finding out about the company, preparing yourself psychologically, etc.
Firstly, you should study the job advertisement carefully so that you can match your knowledge, skills and abilities with the specifications required for the post. You must assure the interviewer that you have all the qualifications required, so you are the right sort of person they are looking for. Secondly, you should know more about the company, such as its profile, structure, existing problems, requirements, campaigns and future plans. As a Chinese saying goes: “know the opponent and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles without defeat.”
Finally, you should also prepare yourself psychologically and this will help you combat stress. Rehearsing the interview with your friends, for example, is a good relaxation exercise that can install confidence in you.
What is important when aiming to retain good staff?
2 What is important when aiming to reduce staff turnover? What is important when motivating staff? Pleasing work environment Career opportunity/development/structure(123) Flexible working hours Financial benefits(123) Training Firstly, creating a pleasing workplace is very important when aim to retain good staff. A pleasing workplace includes everything from having the right tools available to provide basic comfort, such as proper lighting and noise control, etc.
Secondly, career opportunity is also important. Employees will remain with their employer if career opportunities are presented. Career plans for those who what to upward in the company undoubtedly improve morale and boost engagement. (This can lead to some motivational values and enhance employees’ fulfillment.) On top of that, flexible working hours should be also taken into account. It allows the staff a certain degree of freedom, which is essential for the balance of life and work. Financial benefits are also important. Staff want some sort of recognition for the job that they do. Correct financial benefits plan will arouse their enthusiasm. Otherwise, they would feel being ignored (neglect/overlook).
Besides, training cannot be neglected, since training can keep their skills current and up-dated, thus making them more competitive throughout their lives. What is important when aiming to improve career prospects? Reading business articles Learning a foreign language Training Firstly, reading business articles is very important when trying to improve career prospects. This is a good way for you to keep up with the latest development in related field which may give you a clue of what to do next. Secondly, learning a foreign language is also important. For instance if you are good at speaking English ,that would add weight to the improvement of career prospects since the globalization economy and the wide-spread international corporation all needs the bridge of a common language ,and English is one of the most widely used languages. Thirdly, training is another factor to consider. By doing so , you get access to a range of skills to meet different sorts of needs from different jobs.
Conference and Presentation What is important when organizing a conference?(Presentation) Conference speakers Venue/Location Topics covered Facilities needed Audience Practicing beforehand Firstly, I think conference speakers are a very important factor to consider. If they are
3 well-known people knowing a lot about a particular field ,or come from big multinationals, the conference/presentation will be likely to be informative and you may benefit a lot from it. (A good presenter knows what his audience want and is able to demonstrate (speak) in a clear, accurate and honest way to grab their attention and to raise their interest.) Secondly, location is also important. If the conference is held in a place with beautiful surroundings, more people will go and it’s good for you to do some useful networking. (Help you free from nervousness) On top of that, topics covered should be taken into account. To ensure all the audience can really benefit from the conference, what the speakers talk about ought to be something that the participants are interested in and relates to their work
To ensure the success of the presentation, some facilities are needed, such as OHP, microphone and PowerPoint that work. They can help to make details more clearly expressed and the presentation more impressive to the audience.
The audience is also very important. Their participation and interaction can be helpful to the success to the presentation. It has to be decided first who is the target audience and then according to the result, send out the invitation letters to the right people before the presentation. What do you think is important when planning a career? Qualifications Future trends Interest Firstly, it’s important to consider qualifications, since qualifications, to some extent, means relevant education, knowledge and ability, which are essential to the development and success of your career in the future. With qualifications, it will be easier for you to be accepted and acknowledge by others. Secondly, it’s also important to consider future trends. Following future trends will keep you up with the times and bring you more chances. Persuing a career with good future trends is undoubtedly more promising. Furthermore, personal interest should be also taken into account. Interest will bring along active attitude, thus making it easier to overcome work stress.
Marketing
1、Advertisement
2、Packaging包装
3、Setting prices What is important when dealing with competition? Pricing polices Advertising strategies Quality What is important when aiming to reach new markets? Market research /Target market ( the first step before the company gets into the market.) Pricing Advertising Firstly, market research is important when aiming to reach new markets.
4 By carrying out market research, a company can get such information as whether there’s a market for a new product, and what are customers’ needs and tastes for new product. Thus, the new product will sell well when it is launched into the market. On top of that, pricing should be also taken into account. In order to capture a large market share, you must set a price lower than your competitors. If you fixed the price higher than your rivals without higher quality, you might soon find yourself in an unfavorable situation.
(The fundamental task for a company is to make its products and itself know to the public. There are several ways to achieve this, advertising is the most important one.) What is important when advertising a new product? Cost Media Target consumers First, cost is very important when advertising a new product. Without money, there can be no mentioning of training at all. The costs of advertisement should be calculated carefully and reasonably..The mount of advertising budget determines the scale and period of advertisement. Secondly, media is also important. A company, through proper advertisements, can manage to introduce the advantages of their products comparing to their rivals’ and convince the consumers that their products would be the right choice. Thirdly, target consumers should be taken into consideration. For instance, bill board will likely be an important element for the target market that has a limited number of potential customers, while TV comer
What is important when setting prices for new products? Cost Demand Competition(competitors’ prices) The first thing we must take into account is costs when setting prices for new products. Prices should cover the costs, such as insurance, raw materials, rent and equipment. Otherwise, the company will make a loss. Secondly, demand is also important. Consumer demand for the product clearly affects the price that can be charged. When demand is strong, we can set high prices, when demand is weak, we can set low prices. Besides, competition should be taken into account. If you fixed the price higher than your rivals without higher quality of service, you might soon find yourself in an unfavorable situation.(The company is supposed to consider the prices set by its competitors. (Last but not least, if a company wants its new products to be competitive, it must take competition into consideration. It must set the prices equal to or lower than its competition.) What is important when packaging? image production process convenience First of all, when packaging, it’s very important to choose the color, shape and design that convey the high-quality image to our customers. With special appearance, it helps make the product distinct from others and attract consumers’ attention
5 Second, production process is also important, the product will be handled for many times during its production process, so the packaging material we use should be strong enough to resist any damage.(we should also consider the transit process so that the package we design will protect the product against spoilage. Apart from this two aspects, it’s also of great importance to offer consumers convenience. Packaging should be designed in such as way to make it easier for customers to open the container and use the product. What do you think is the basic objective underlying all promotion? I think it’s to provide information. Companies want to tell customers about themselves as well as what products are available, where they can be purchased, and for what prices. What do you think are the promotional alternatives?
They are advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, and publicity
Delegation Entertaining Clients招待客户 Do you think it’s necessary for a company to establish a good long-term
relationship with its clients? Yes. A good long-term business relationship with clients means better understanding and greater trust between you and your clients. That will definitely help retain clients. Location and Relocation What is important when relocation a business? What is important when choosing retail premises to rent? Local workforce available Location of site (transportation) Length of contract Demand for products or services Labor costs Competition Firstly,
Secondly, location of site is very important. You need to consider whether it’s convenient and easy for raw material supply and transporting out the products, whether it’s easy to get access to the electricity, water, gas and other supporting energy, whether it’s convenient for staff to go to work. Furthermore, length of contract is also important. Longer contract would cover issues in more details. The contract should cover certain matter, which are likely to happen, such as, assignment, service charges.
Competition is another factor to consider. You shouldn’t locate in a place where there are already a lot of firms. Competition will severely affect a company’s revenue. Discussion Trade fair What is important when exhibiting at trade fair?参加展销会需考虑哪些要点 Quality of display
6 Staff selected Firstly, when exhibiting at trade fair, quality of display is very important. The quality of the display will affect the public image of the company. Therefore you should make sure that what you display should be of high quality and show the best of your products. Secondly, it is also important to select the right staff. There have to be people who are informative and have excellent communicative skills so as to answer any kind of questions produced by potential customers. All this is impossible without careful planning. So you have to plan in advance to make your display a complete success.
What is important when planning the layout of a stand at trade fair? 展销会展位布置需考虑哪些要点? Attractiveness Security of exhibits Space arrangement
Firstly, attractiveness is very important when planning the stand layout. In order to get more people to visit your stand, it should be designed in a creative way to make it as eye-catching as possible.
Secondly, security of exhibits is also important. No one want to see any visitor to your stand be hurt due to the neglect of security of exhibits. So make sure your exhibits are placed in safe way to avoid any potential dangers.
On top of that, space arrangement should be also taken into consideration.
For instance, there should be area for demonstrating your products as well as for discussion with visitors.
Entertaining Clients(organize outdoor activities户外活动、商务活动) Arrange a meeting(travelling and accommodation arrangement, information ,travelling) give presentation How important is it for a company to have regular meetings? Very important. It is an effective way to collect ideas and to communicate. Also, it keeps employees well-informed with the latest developments of the company Video conferencing Training(seminar/program) for new staff(students/appraisalmeasure/evaluate 1.offer a training on sth. for sb. It’s certainly a good chance to improve-----
Training is to the mutual interest of both the individual and the company
The growth of the company depends on the development of its staff. 2.focus on issues/topics like XXXX, which are important when holding a training program 3.I am with you here./You bet./I couldn’t agree with you more. This aims to --- Besides that,------------ It’s a very good idea. So that leads to the next item----- 谈论如何做，以及这种做法的意义。
7 Have we covered everything? Oh,one more point;------ Let’s look forward to the training.
What is important when organizing an in-house training course? course contents participants selected planning carefully Firstly, course contents are very important when organizing an in-house training. To ensure all the participants can really benefit from the training course, the contents should be something that the members are interested in and be practical to their work. Secondly, participants selected are also important. That includes trainers and trainees. To ensure effectiveness of the training, you should select experienced and informative trainers to give the course. As for trainees, they ought to be people who can spare time for the training so as to maintain high level of productivity. All this is impossible without careful planning. So you need to plan in advance to ensure a complete success of the training. Promotion(method/how much discount should be offered/ advertisement突出哪些特征) target consumers between XX and XX years old
Wow, you see now the car industry is changing so rapidly that we can hardly imaging. Only three month passed , and the company brings out another new model of the car, especially whose target consumers ages from 18 to 25 years old. Well, this new product aims to target consumers between 18 to 25 years old . They are young and can be easily attracted by novel things, I mean, we should outline the unique design of the car model, which leaves the impression of fashion on consumers.
They would prefer to things which are very eyecatching. However, I wonder if they can afford it for people under 25 years old do not have that many savings. It’s necessary to convince them that this type of cars is good value for money. Then we are able to make profits from them. So that comes to the problem how to present the car to our target consumers effectively though an advertising campaign. I think TV commercials can meet our needs. For one can it can reach a large number of audience at a low cost per person. For another, television allows creative use of action, color, and sound which that cannot possible in any other medium. In addition, giving leaflets is another way to show them the new model. With both of the ways , I think we can our plan reach the expectation.Let get down to prepare for it. Internal/External magazine/(staff magazine) who should be involved
Consumers NewsletterArticles 文化差异问题、所需了解到的关于对方的信息了解受培训者的信息、与会者的信息、客户的信息、传递何种信息才合适，怎么传递
8 Part i Do you think price is the only factor that you consider when you are deciding to buy a product? No, when I am deciding to buy a product, I consider not only price, but also quality, after-sales service, reliability, reputation and style, etc. Usually, I think the better quality the higher price, so I may not choose the cheapest one. Do you think advertising cost-effective?你认为广告节省费用吗?
Yes, although advertising can be quite expensive, many firms still find it cost effective because it can reach millions of people at a low cost per person. What do you think are the promotional alternatives手段?
They are advertising, personal selling, sales promotion(促销活动) and publicity. What do you think is the basic objective underlying all promotion?
I think it’s to provide information. To tell customers about the what products are available, where they can be purchased, and for what prices. What training would you hope to have in the future? The training of foreign languages, such as English. The globalization of economy and the wide-spread international cooperation all need the bridge of a common language. And English is one of the most widely-used languages. Do you think companies should provide training for all their staff? Yes. Colleagues should be treated equal. Their knowledge and skills need to be improved. Would you welcome stress when you are targeting at your goal? Yes, A reasonable amount of stress will push me forward a bit faster.(will push me to work harder )
What is important when dealing considering setting up a staff canteen? employees’ opinions cost to the company careful planning Firstly, in order to makes sure that the canteen can really benefits your staff, it’s important to take the employees’ opinions into consideration. For example, you can a survey about what the price of the food can be charged among staff.This is to ensure the food won’t be too expensive to them as well as to avoid raising complaint . ( should be placed, such as TV, the shape of the table, and the color of the wall so as to create a comfortable place for them to relax while eating) Secondly, cost to the company is also important. Without money, no canteen can be set up. You need to make sure the cost is within your budget. (The cost will influence the size )
All this is impossible without careful planning ,so you have to plan in the advance to make
Trade delegation I think this is a good opportunity for our company to open new market in another country. As the old saying goes, Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles without being defeated. There are some advantages as well as disadvantages. As to advantages,
9 However, disadvantages shouldn’t be neglected. For one thing, I am afraid they can adapt to the climate there in a short time. This will have a direct impact on their health as well as efficiency of work. For another, some cultural conflicts may occur while doing business. Sometimes, these can lead to the failure to have contracts between our company and clients. they need to know their eating habits,
ways of working, including when is time for working,
And it’s very important to aware that it’s not proper to talk about business while having meals.
第二篇：BEC中级考试词汇大全
A
abroad adv. 在国外，出国，广泛流传
absence n. 缺席，离开
absent adj. 不在，不参与
absenteeism n. (经常性)旷工，旷职
absorb v. 吸收，减轻(冲击、困难等)作用或影响
abstract n. 摘要
access n. 接近(或进入)的机会，享用权 v. 获得使用计算机数据库的权利
accommodation n. 设施，住宿
account n. 会计帐目
accountancy n. 会计工作
accountant n. 会计
accounts n. 往来帐目
account for 解释，说明
account executive n. (广告公司)客户经理
*accruals n. 增值，应计
achieve v. 获得或达到，实现，完成
acknowledge v. 承认，告知已收到(某物)，承认某人
acquire v. 获得，得到
*acquisition n. 收购，被收购的公司或股份
acting adj. 代理的
activity n. 业务类型
actual adj. 实在的，实际的，确实的
adapt v. 修改，适应
adjust v. 整理，使适应
administration n. 实施，经营，行政
administer v. 管理，实施
adopt v. 采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人
advertise v. 公布，做广告
ad n. 做广告，登广告
advertisement n. 出公告，做广告
advertising n. 广告业
after-sales service n. 售后服务
agenda n. 议事日程
agent n. 代理人，经纪人
allocate v. 分配，配给
amalgamation n. 合并，重组
ambition n. 强烈的欲望，野心 *amortise v. 摊还
analyse v 分析，研究
analysis n. 分析，分析结果的报告
analyst n. 分析家，化验员
annual adj. 每年的，按计算的
annual general meeting (AGM) 股东年会 anticipate v. 期望
anticipated adj. 期待的
appeal n. 吸引力
apply v. 申请，请求;应用，运用
applicant n. 申请人
application n. 申请，施用，实施
appointee n. 被任命人
appraisal n. 估量，估价
appreciate v. 赏识，体谅，增值
*appropriate v. 拨出(款项)
approve v. 赞成，同意，批准
aptitude n. 天资，才能
*arbitrage n. 套利
arbitration n. 仲裁
*arrears n. 欠帐
assemble v. 收集，集合
assembly-line n. 装配线，流水作业线
assess v. 评定，估价
asset n. 资产
current asset n. 流动资产
fixed asset n. 固定资产
frozen asset n. 冻结资产
intangible assets n. 无形资产
liquid assets n. 速动资产
tangible assets n. 有形资产
assist v. 援助，协助，出席
audit n. 查账，审计
automate v. 使某事物自动操作
average n. 平均，平均水准
awareness n. 意识;警觉
B
backing n. 财务支持，赞助
backhander n. 贿赂
*backlog n. 积压(工作或订货)
bad debt 死账(无法收回的欠款)
balance n. 收支差额，余额
balance of payments n. 贸易支付差额
balance sheet n. 资产负债表
bankrupt adj. 破产的
bankruptcy n. 破产
bank statement n. 银行结算清单(给帐户的)，银行对账单
bar chart n. 条形图，柱状图
bargain v. 谈判，讲价 base n. 基地，根据地
batch n. 一批，一组，一群
batch production 批量生产
bear market n. 熊市
beat v. 超过，胜过
behave v. 表现，运转
behaviour n. 举止，行为，运转情况
below-the-line advertising 线下广告，尚未被付款的广告
benchmark n. 衡量标准
benefit n. 利益，补助金，保险金得益
fringe benefits n. 附加福利
sickness benefit n. 疾病补助费
bid n. 出价，投标
takeover bid n. 盘进(一个公司)的出价
bill n. 账单，票据
billboard n. (路边)广告牌，招贴板
black adj. 违法的
in the black 有盈余，贷方
black list 黑名单，禁止贸易的(货物、公司及个人)名单
black Monday n. 黑色星期一，指1987年10月国际股票市场崩溃的日子
blue chips n. 蓝筹股，绩优股
blue-collar adj. 蓝领(工人)的
Board of Directors n. 董事会
Bond n. 债券
bonus n. 津贴，红利
books n . 公司帐目
book value n. 账面价值，(公司或股票)净值
bookkeeper n. 簿记员，记帐人
boom n. 繁荣，暴涨
boost v. 提高，增加，宣扬
bottleneck n. 瓶颈，窄路，阻碍
bottom adj. 最后的，根本的 v. 到达底部，建立基础
bounce v. 支票因签发人无钱而遭拒付并退回
brainstorm n./v. 点子会议，献计献策, 头脑风暴
branch n. 分支，分部
brand n. 商标，品牌
brand leader n. 占市场最大份额的品牌，名牌
brand loyalty n. (消费者)对品牌的忠实
break even v. 收支相抵，不亏不盈
break even point 收支相抵点, 盈亏平衡点
breakthrough n. 突破
brief n. 摘要
brochure n. 小册子
broker n. 经纪人，代理人 bull market 牛市
budget n. 预算
bulk n. 大量(货物) adj. 大量的
bust adj. 破了产的
buyout n. 买下全部产权
C
CAD(=Computer Aided Design) n. 计算机辅助设计
call n. 打电话
call on v. 呼吁，约请，拜访
campaign n. 战役，运动
candidate n. 求职者，候选人
canteen n. 食堂
canvass v. 征求意见，劝说
capacity n. 生产额，(最大)产量
caption n. 照片或图片下的简短说明
capital n. 资本，资金
capture v. 赢得
cash n. 现金，现付款 v. 兑现
cash flow n. 现金流量
case study n. 案例分析
catalogue n. 目录，产品目录
catastrophe n. 大灾难，大祸
CEO n. Chief Executive Officer(美)总经理
chain n. 连锁店
challenger n. 挑战者
channel n. (商品流通的)渠道
charge n. 使承担，要(价)，把……记入(账册等)
chart n. 图表
checkout n. 付款台
chief adj. 主要的，首席的，总的
CIF, c.i.f. 成本保险费加运费
circular n. 传阅的小册子(传单等)
circulate v. 传阅
claim n./v. 要求，索赔
client n. 委托人，顾客
cold adj. 没人找上门来的，生意清淡的
commercialise v. 使商品化
commission n. 佣金
*commitment n. 承诺
commodity n. 商品，货物
company n. 公司
limited (liability) company (ltd.) 股份有限公司
public limited company (plc) n. 股票上市公司 compensate v. 补偿，酬报
compensation n. 补偿，酬金
compete v. 比赛，竞争
competition n. 比赛，竞争
competitor n. 竞争者，对手
competitive adj. 竞争性的
component n. 机器元件、组件、部件，部分
concentrated marketing n. 集中营销策略
condition n. 条件，状况
*configuration n. 设备的结构、组合
conflict n. 冲突，争论
*conglomerate n. 综合商社，多元化集团公司
*consolidate v. 帐目合并
*consortium n. 财团
constant adj. 恒定的，不断的，经常的
consultant n. 咨询人员，顾问，会诊医生
consumables n. 消耗品
consumer durables n. 耐用消费品(如：洗衣机)
consumer goods n. 消费品，生活资料
*contingency n. 意外事件
continuum n. 连续时间
contract n. 合同，契约
contractor n. 承办商，承建人
contribute v. 提供，捐献
contribution n. 贡献，捐献，税
conversion n. 改装，改造
conveyor n. 运送，传递，转让
core time n. (弹性工作制的)基本上班时间(员工于此段时间必须上班，弹性只对除此以外的时间有效)
cost n. 成本
fixed costs 固定成本
running costs 日常管理费用
variable costs 可变成本
cost-effective adj. 合算的，有效益的
costing n. 成本计算，成本会计
credit n. 赊购，赊购制度
credit control 赊销管理(检查顾客及时付款的体系)
letter of credit 信用证
credit limit 赊销限额
credit rating 信贷的信用等级，信誉评价
creditor n. 债权人，贷方
*creditworthiness n. 信贷价值，信贷信用
crisis n. 危机，转折点
critical adj. 关键的 *critical path analysis n. 关键途径分析法
currency n. 货币，流通
current adj. 通用的，现行的
Current account 往来帐户，活期(存款)户
current assets n. 流动资产
current liabilities n. 流动负债
customise v. 按顾客的具体要求制造(或改造等);顾客化
cut-throat adj. 残酷的，激烈的
cut-price a. 削价(出售)的
CV(=curriculum vitae) n. 简历，履历
*cycle time n. 循环时间
D
damages n. 损害，损失
deadline n. 最后期限
deal n. 营业协议，数量 v. 交易
dealer n. 商人
debit n. 借方，欠的钱
v. 记入帐户的借方
debt n. 欠款，债务
to get into debt 负债
to be out of debt 不欠债
to pay off a debt 还清债务
debtor n. 债务人
aged debtors 长期债务人
declare v. 申报，声明
decline n./v. 衰退，缓慢，下降
decrease v. 减少
deduct v. 扣除，减去
default n. 违约，未履行
defect n. 缺陷
defective adj. 有缺点的
defer v. 推迟
deferred payments n. 延期支付
deficit n. 赤字
delivery cycle n. 交货周期
*demand management n. 需求规化
demotivated adj. 消极的，冷谈的
deposit n. 储蓄，预付(定金)
depot n. 仓库
depreciate v. 贬值，(对资产)折旧
depressing adj. 令人沮丧的
deputy n. 代理人，副职，代理
devalue v. 货币贬值(相对于其它货币) diet n. 饮食，食物，特种饮食
differentiation n. 区分，鉴别
dimensions n. 尺寸，面积，规模
direct v 管理，指导
director n. 经理，主管
Managing Director n. 总经理
direct cost n. 直接成本
direct mail n. (商店为招揽生意而向人们投寄的)直接邮件
direct selling n. 直销，直接销售
directory n. 指南，号码簿
discount n. 折扣，贴现
dismiss v. 让……离开，打发走
dismissal n. 打发走
dispatch n./v. 调遣
display n./v. 展出，显示
dispose v. 安排，处理(事务)
dispose of 去掉，清除
distribution n. 分配，分发，分送产品
*diversify v. 从事多种经营;多样化
divest v. 剥夺
dividend n. 股息，红利，年息
division n. 部门
*dog n. 滞销品
down-market a./ad. 低档商品的
*down-time/downtime n. 设备闲置期
DP(=Data Processing) n. 计算机数据处理，计算机数据处理部门
dramatic adj. 戏剧性的
drive n. 积极性，能动性
due adj. 应付的，预期的
dynamic adj. 有活力的
E
earnings n. 工资
efficiency n. 效率
endorse v. 背书，接受
engage v. 雇用
entitle v. 授权
entitlement n. 应得的权利
holiday entitlement n. 休假权
equity n. 股东权益
equity capital n. 股本
equities 普通股，股票
estimated demand n. 估计需求
evaluate v. 估价，评价 eventual adj. 最终的
exaggerate v. 夸张
exceed v. 超过
exhibit n. 展览，表现
expenditure n. 花费，支出额
expense n. 费用，支出
expense account n. 费用帐户
expenses n. 费用，业务津贴
expertise n. 专长，专门知识和技能
*exposure n. 公众对某一产品或公司的知悉;广告所达到的观众总数
F
facilities n. 用于生产的设备、器材
facilities layout n. 设备的布局规化、计划
facilities location n. 设备安置
*factoring n. 折价购买债券
*fail-safe system n. 安全系统
feasibility study n. 可行性研究
feedback n. 反馈，反馈的信息
field n. 办公室外边，具体业务
file n. 文件集，卷宗，档案，文件
v. 把文件(或资料)归档
fill v. 充任
finance n. 资金，财政
v. 提供资金
financial adj. 财政的
financing n. 提供资金，筹借资金
finished goods n. 制成品
firm n. 公司
fire v. 解雇
fix v. 确定，使固定在
fix up v. 解决，商妥
fiscal adj. 国库的，财政的
*flagship n. 同类中最成功的商品，佼佼者
flexible adj. 有弹性的，灵活的
flextime n. 弹性工作时间制
flier(=flyer) n. 促销传单
float v. 发行股票
flop n. 失败
flow shop n. 车间
fluctuate v. 波动，涨落，起伏
FOB, f.o.b n. 离岸价
*follow-up n. 细节落实，接连要做的事 forecast v. 预测
four P’s 指产品PRODUCT、价格PRICE、地点PLACE、促销PROMOTION framework n. 框架，结构
*franchise n. 特许经销权
v. 特许经销，给予特许经销权
franchisee n. 特许经营人
franchiser n. 授予特许经营权者
fraud n. 欺骗
*freebie n. (非正式的)赠品，免费促销的商品
freelance n.& adj. 自由职业者(的)
funds n. 资金，基金
futures n. 期货交易
G
gap n. 缺口，空隙
*gearing n. 配称(即定息债务与股份资本之间的比率)
*gimmick n. 好主意，好点子
goal n. 目标
going adj. 进行的，运转中的
going rate n. 产品的市场价格
goods n. 货物，商品
goodwill n. 声誉
*go public v. 首次公开发行股票
grapple with v. 与……搏斗，尽力解决
grievance n. 申诉，抱怨
gross adj. 总的，毛的
gross margin n. 毛利率
gross profit n. 毛利
gross yield n. 毛收益
gradually adv. 逐渐地
group n. (由若干公司联合而成的)集团
grow v. 增长，扩大
growth n. 增长，发展
guarantee n. 保证，保单
guidelines n. 指导方针，准则
H
hand in v. 呈送
hand in one’s notice 递交辞呈
handle v. 经营
*hands on adj. 有直接经验的
hard sell n. 强行推销 hazard n. 危险，危害行为
head n. 主管，负责
health and safety n. 健康和安全
*hedge n. 套期保值
hidden adj. 隐藏的，不明显的
hierarchy n. 等级制度，统治集团，领导层
hire v. 雇用
hire purchase n. 分期付款购物法
hit v. 击中，到达
holder n. 持有者
holding company n. 控股公司
hostile adj. 不友好的，恶意的
HRD n. 人力资源发展部
human resources n. 人力资源
*hype n. 天花乱坠的(夸张)广告宣传
I
impact n. 冲击，强烈影响
implement v. 实施，执行
implication n 隐含意义
incentive n. 刺激;鼓励
income n. 工资或薪金收入，经营或投资的收入
earned income 劳动收入，劳动所得
unearned income 非劳动收入，投资所得
increment v. 定期增加
incur v 招致，承担
*indemnity n. 偿还，赔偿
index n. 指数，索引
retail price index 零售价格指数
indirect costs n. 间接成本
induction n. 就职
industrial adj. 工业的
industrial action n. (罢工、怠工等)劳工行动
industrial relations n. 劳资关系
inefficiency n. 低效率，不称职
inflate v. 抬高(物价)，使通货等)膨胀
inflation n. 通货膨胀
*infringe v. 违法，违章
initial adj. 初步的
innovate v. 革新
input n. 投入
insolvent adj. 无清偿力的
installment n. 部分，分期付款 insure v. 给……保险，投保
insurance n. 保险
interest n. 利息，兴趣
interest rate n. 利率
interim n. 中期，过渡期间
intermittent production n. 阶段性生产
interview n./v. 面试
interviewee n. 被面试的人
interviewer n. 主持面试的人，招聘者
introduce v. 介绍，提出
*inventory n. 库存
buffer inventory n. 用于应付突发性需求的存货
capacity inventory n. 用于将来某时使用的存货
cycle inventory n. 循环盘存
decoupling inventory n. 保险性存货(以应付万一)
finished goods inventory n. 制成品存货(盘存)
pipeline inventory n. 在途存货
raw materials inventory n. 原材料存货
work-in-progress inventory n. 在制品盘存(存货)
invest v. 投资
investment n. 投资
investor n. 投资者
invoice n. 发票
v. 给(某人)开发票
irrevocable adj. 不可撤消的，不能改变的
issue n. 发行股票
* rights issue n. 优先认股权
IT=Information Technology 信息技术
item n. 货物，条目，条款
J
job n. 工作
job description 工作说明，职务说明
*job lot n. 一次生产的部分或少数产品
job mobility 工作流动
job rotation 工作轮换
job satisfaction 工作的满意感(自豪感)
*job shop n. 专门车间
jobbing n. 为一次性的或小的订货需求而特设的生产制度
joint adj. 联合的
joint bank account (几个人的)联合银行存款帐户
journal n. 专业杂志
*jurisdiction n. 管辖(权) junk bonds n. 低档(风险)债券，垃圾债券
junk mail n. (未经收信人要求的)直接邮寄的广告宣传
*just-in-time n. 无库存制度
K
key adj. 主要的，关键的
knockdown adj. (价格)很低的
know-how n. 专门技术
L
label n. 标签，标牌
v. 加标签，加上标牌
labour n. 劳动，工作，劳动力
labour market 劳动力市场
labour relations 劳资关系
labour shortage 劳动力短缺
*launch v. 在市场推出一种新产品
n. 新产品的推出
lay-off/layoff n./v. 临时解雇
layout n. 工厂的布局
lead v. 领先，领导
lead time n. 完成某项活动所需的时间
leaflet n. 广告印刷传单
lease n. 租借，租赁物
legal adj. 合法的
lend v. 出借，贷款
lessee n. 承租人
lessor n. 出租人
*ledger n. 分类帐
nominal ledger n. 记名帐
purchase ledger n. 进货
sales ledger n. 销货帐
*leverage n. 杠杆比率
liability n. 负债
liabilities n. 债务
licence(US: license) n. 许可证
license v. 许可，批准
life cycle n. 寿命周期
likely adj. 可能的
*line process 流水线(组装)
link n. 关系，联系，环
liquid adj. 易转换成现款的 liquidate v. 清算
*liquidity n. 拥有变现力
liquidation n. 清理(关闭公司)，清算
liquidator n. 清算人，公司资产清理人
listed adj. 登记注册的
listing n. 上市公司名录
literature n. (产品说明书之类的)印刷品，宣传品
litigate v. 提出诉讼
loan n./v. 贷款，暂借
logo n. 企业的特有标记
lose v. 亏损
loser n. 失败者
loss n. 损失
lot n. 批，量
loyalty n. 忠诚，忠实
M
magazine n. 杂志，期刊
mailshot n. 邮购
maintain v. 维持，保持
maintenance n. 维持，坚持
major adj. 重大的，主要的，较大的
majority shareholding 绝对控股
make n. 产品的牌子或型号
make-to-order adj. 根据订货而生产的产品
make-to-stock adj. 指那些在未收到订货时 就已生产了的产品
management n. 管理，管理部门
middle management n. 中层管理人员
senior management n. 高层管理人员
managerial adj. 管理人员的，管理方面的
manager n. 经理
plant manager n. 工厂负责人
line manager n. 基层负责人
staff manager n. 部门经理助理
management accounts n. 管理帐目
matrix management n. 矩阵管理
*management information system(MIS) n. 管理信息系统
manning n. 人员配备
manpower n. 劳动力
manpower resources n. 劳动力资源
manual adj. 体力的，人工的，蓝领的
manufacture v. (用机器)制造
manufacturer n. 制造者(厂、商、公司) manufacturing adj. 制造的
manufacturing industry 制造业
margin n. 利润
gross margin n. 毛利率
net margin n. 净利润
mark-up v. 标高售价，加价
market n. 市场;产品可能的销量
down market adv./adj. 低档商品/地的
up market adj./adv. 高档商品的/地
marketing mix n. 综合营销策略，指定价、促销、产品等策略的配合
market leader n. 市场上的主导公司
*market niche n. 小摊位，专业市场的一个小部分
market penetration n. 市场渗入
market segmentation 市场划分
market share n. 市场占有率，市场份额
*mass-marketing n. 大众营销术
*master production schedule n. 主要生产计划
*material requirements planning(MRP) n. 计算生产中所需材料的方法
*materials handling n. 材料管理，材料控制
maximise v. 使增至最大限度、最大化
measure n. 措施，步骤
media n. 新闻工具，传媒
mass media 大众传媒(如电视、广播、报纸等)
merchandising n. (在商店中)通过对商品的摆放与促销进行经营
merge v. 联合，合并
merger n. (公司，企业等的)合并
merit n. 优点，值得，应受
method study n. 方法研究
middleman n. 中间人，经纪人
full milk n. 全脂牛奶
skimmed milk n. 脱脂乳
minimise v. 使减至最小限度，最小化
*mission n. 公司的长期目标和原则
mobility n. 流动性，可移性
moderately adv. 中等地，适度地
monopoly n. 垄断，独占
mortgage n./v. 抵押
motivate v. 激励，激发……的积极性
motivated adj. 有积极性的
motivation n. 提供动机，积极性，动力
motive n. 动机
N negotiate v. 谈判
negotiable adj. 可谈判的，可转让的
net adj. 净的，纯的
network n. 网络
*niche n. 专业市场中的小摊位
notice n. 通知，辞职申请，离职通知
O
objective n. 目标，目的
obsolete adj. 过时的，淘汰的，废弃的
offer n. 报价，发盘
offer v. 开价
off-season adj./adv. 淡季的
off-the-shelf adj. 非专门设计的
off-the-peg adj. 标准的，非顾客化的
opening n. 空位
operate v. 操作，经营，管理
operating profits 营业利润
*operations chart n. 经营(管理)表
*operations scheduling n. 生产经营进度表
opportunity n. 机会
*optimize v. 优化
option n. 选择权
share option n. 期权
organigram n. 组织图
organisation chart n. 公司组织机构图
orient v. 定向，指引
orientation n. 倾向，方向;熟悉，介绍情况
outcome n. 结果
outlay n. 开销，支出，费用
*outlet n. 商店
a retail outlet 零售店
outgoings n. 开支，开销
outlined adj. 概括，勾勒的草图
output n. 产量
*outsource v. 外购产品或由外单位制做产品
outstanding adj. 未付款的，应收的
over-demand n. 求过于供
overdraft n. 透支
overdraft facility 透支限额
overdraw v. 透支
*overhead costs n. 营业成本
*overheads n. 企业一般管理费用 overpay n. 多付(款)
overtime n. 加班
overview n. 概述，概观
owe v. 欠钱，应付
P
p.a.(=per annum) n. 每年
packaging n. 包装物;包装
parent company n. 母公司，总公司
part-time adj. 部分时间工作的，业余的
participate v. 参加，分享 (in)
partnership n. 合伙(关系)，合伙，合伙企业
patent n. 专利
pay n. 工资，酬金 v. 付钱，付报酬
take-home pay 实得工资
payroll n. 雇员名单，工资表
peak n. 峰值，顶点
penetrate v. 渗透，打入(市场)
penetration n. 目标市场的占有份额
pension n. 养老金，退休金
perform v. 表现，执行
performance n. 进行，表现工作情况
performance appraisal n. 工作情况评估
perk n. 额外待遇(交通、保健、保险等)
personnel n. 员工，人员
*petty cash n. 零用现金
phase out n. 分阶段停止使用
*pick v. 提取生产用零部件或给顾客发货
* picking list n. 用于择取生产或运输订货的 表格
pie chart n. 饼形图
pilot n. 小规模试验
pipeline n. 管道，渠道
plant capacity n. 生产规模，生产能力
plot v. 标绘，策划
*plough back n. 将获利进行再投资
* point of sale (POS) n. 销售点
policy n. 政策，规定, 保险单
*portfolio n. (投资)组合
*portfolio management n. 组合证券管理
post n. 邮件，邮局;职位
position n. 职位
potential n. 潜在力，潜势
power n. 能力 purchasing power 购买力
PR=Public Relations 公共关系
*preference shares n. 优先股
price n. 价格
market price 市场价，市价
retail price 零售价
probation n. 试用期
product n. 产品
production cycle n. 生产周期
production schedule n. 生产计划
product life cycle n. 产品生命周期
product mix n. 产品组合(种类和数量的组合)
productive adj. 生产的，多产的
*profile n. 简介形象特征
profit n. 利润
operating profit n. 营业利润
profit and loss account n. 损益帐户
project v. 预测
promote v . 推销
promotion n. 提升，升级
proposal n. 建议，计划
prospect n. 预期，展望
prospectus n. 计划书，说明书
prosperity n. 繁荣，兴隆
prototype n. 原型，样品
*publicity n. 引起公众注意
public adj. 公众的，公开的
go public 上市
public sector 公有企业
publicity n. 公开场合，名声，宣传
publics n. 公众，(有共同兴趣的)一群人 或社会人士
punctual adj. 准时的
punctuality n. 准时
purchase v. & n. 购买
purchaser n. 买主，采购人
Q
QC(=Quality Circle) n. 质检人员
qualify v. 有资格，胜任
qualified adj. 有资格的，胜任的，合格的
qualification n. 资格，资格证明
quality n. 质量
quality assurance n. 质量保证 quality control 质量控制，质量管理
quarterly adj./adv. 季度的，按季度
questionnaire n. 调查表，问卷
quote n. 报价，股票牌价
quotation n. 报价，股票牌价
R
R&D Research and Development 研究与开发
radically adv. 根本地，彻底地
raise n. (美)增加薪金
v. 增加，提高;提出，引起
range n. 系列产品
rank n./v. 排名
rapport n. 密切的关系，轻松愉快的气氛
rate n. 比率，费用
fixed rate 固定费用，固定汇率
going rate 现行利率，现行汇率
rating 评定结果
ratio n. 比率
rationalise v. 使更有效，使更合理
raw adj. 原料状态的，未加工的
raw material n. 原材料
receive v. 得到
receipt n. 收据
receiver n. 接管人，清算人
accounts receivable 应收帐
receivership n. 破产管理
recession n. 萧条
reckon v. 估算，认为
recognise v. 承认
reconcile v. 使……相吻合，核对，调和
recoup v. 扣除，赔偿
recover v. 重新获得，恢复
recovery n. 重获，恢复
recruit v. 招聘，征募 n. 新招收的人员
recruitment n. 新成员的吸收
red n. 红色
in the red 赤字，负债
reduce v. 减少
reduction n. 减少
redundant adj. 过多的，被解雇的
redundancy n. 裁员，解雇
reference n. 参考，参考资料 reference number (Ref. No.) 产品的参考号码
refund n./v. 归还，偿还
region n. 地区
*reimburse v. 偿还，报销
reject n./v. 拒绝
reliability n. 可靠性
relief n. 减轻，解除，救济
relocate v. 调动，重新安置
remuneration n. 酬报，酬金
rent v. 租 n. 租金
rep (代表)的缩写
report to v. 低于(某人)，隶属，从属
reposition v. (为商品)重新定位
represent v. 代表，代理
representative n. 代理人，代表
reputation n. 名声，声望
reputable adj. 名声/名誉好的
reserves n. 储量金，准备金
resign v. 放弃，辞去
resignation n. 辞职
resistance n. 阻力，抵触情绪
respond v. 回答，答复
response n. 回答，答复
restore v. 恢复
result/results n. 结果，效果
retail n./v. 零售
retailer n. 零售商
*retained earnings n. 留存收益
retire v. 退休
retirement n. 退休
return n. 投资报酬
*return on investment (ROI) n. 投资收入，投 资报酬
revenue n. 岁入，税收
review v./n. 检查
reward n./v. 报答，报酬，奖赏
*rework v. (因劣质而)重作
risk capital n. 风险资本
rival n. 竞争者，对手
adj. 竞争的
rocket v. 急速上升，直线上升，飞升
ROI Return on Investment 投资利润
roughly adv. 粗略地
round adj. 整数表示的，大约
round trip 往返的行程 royalty n. 特许权，专利权税
run v. 管理，经营
running adj. 运转的
S
sack v. 解雇
sales force 销售人员
sample n. 样品 ;v. 试验;抽样检验
*saturation n. (市场的)饱和(状态)
saturate v. 饱和
save v. 节省，储蓄
savings n. 存款
scale n. 刻度，层次
scapegoat n. 替罪羊
scare adj. 缺乏的，不足的
*scrap n. 废料或废品
seasonal adj. 季节性的
section n. 部门
sector n. 部门
*securities n. 债券及有价证券
segment n. 部分
v. 将市场划分成不同的部分
segmentation n. 将市场划分成不同的部门
semi-skilled adj. 半熟练的
settle v. 解决，决定
settlement n. 解决，清偿，支付
service n. 服务，帮佣
services n. 专业服务
settle v. 安排，支付
set up v. 创立
share n. 股份
shareholder n. 股东
*shelf-life n. 货架期(商品可以陈列在货架 上的时间)
shift n. 轮班
showroom n. 陈列室
simulation n. 模拟
shop n. 商店
closed shop 限制行业(只允许本工会会员)
open shop 开放行业(非会员可从事的工作)
shop steward 工会管事
shopfloor 生产场所
shortlist n. ……供最后选择的候选人名单
v. 把……列入最后的候选人名单 sick adj. 病的
sick leave 病假
sick note 病假条
sick pay 病假工资
sickness 生病
skill n. 技能，熟巧
skilled employee n. 熟练工人
*skimming n. 高额定价，撇奶油式定价
slogan n. 销售口号
slump n. 暴跌
a slump in sales 销售暴跌
soft-sell n. 劝诱销售(术)，软销售(手段)
software n. 软件
sole adj. 仅有的，单独的
sole distributor 独家分销商
solvent adj. 有偿付能力的
*sourcing n. 得到供货
spare part n. 零部件
specification n. 产品说明
split v. 分离
spokesman n. 发言人
sponsor n. 赞助者(为了商品的广告宣传)
spread n. (股票买价和卖价的)差额
stable adj. 稳定的
staff n. 职员
stag n. 投机认股者
v. 炒买炒卖
stagnant adj. 停滞的，萧条的
*statute n. 成文法
statutory adj. 法定的
steadily adv. 稳定地，平稳地
stock n. 库存，股票
stock exchange n. 证券交易所
*stockbroker n. 股票经纪人
stock controller 库房管理者
storage n. 贮藏，库存量
strategy n. 战略
*streamline v. 精简机构，提高效率
stress n. 压力，紧迫
strike n. 罢工
structure n. 结构，设备
*subcontract v. 分包(工程项目)，转包
subordinate n. 下级
adj. 下级的 subscribe v. 认购
subsidiary n. 子公司
subsidise v. 补贴，资助
subsidy n. 补助金
substantially adv. 大量地，大幅度地
summarise v. 概括，总结
superior n. 上级，长官
supervisor n. 监督人，管理人
supervisory adj. 监督的，管理的
supply n./v. 供给，提供
survey n 调查
*SWOT analysis n. SWOT分析是分析一个公司或一个项目的优点、弱点、机会和风险*synergy n. 协作
T
tactic n. 战术，兵法
tailor v. 特制产品
tailor made products 特制产品
take on 雇用
takeover n. 接管
target n. 目标
v. 把……作为目标
tariff n. 关税;价目表
task n. 任务，工作
task force n. 突击队，攻关小队(为完成某项任务而在一起的一组人)
tax n. 税，税金
capital gains tax n. 资本收益税
corporation tax n. 公司税，法人税
income tax n. 所得税
value added tax 增值税
tax allowance 免减税
tax avoidance 避税
taxable 可征税的
taxation 征税
tax-deductible 在计算所得税时予以扣除的
telesales n. 电话销售，电话售货
temporary adj. 暂时的
temporary post 临时职位
tender n./v. 投标
territory n. (销售)区域
tie n. 关系，联系
throughput n. 工厂的总产量
TQC(=Total Quality Control) n. 全面质量管理 *track record n. 追踪记录，业绩
trade n./v. 商业，生意;交易，经商
balance of trade 贸易平衡
trading profit 贸易利润
insider trading 内部交易
trade mark 商标
trade union 工会
trainee n. 受培训者
*transaction n. 交易，业务
transfer n./v. 传输，转让
*transformation n. 加工
transparency n. (投影用)透明胶片
treasurer n. 司库，掌管财务的人
*treasury n. 国库，财政部
trend n. 趋势，时尚
*trouble-shooting n. 解决问题
turnover n. 营业额，员工流动的比率
staff turnover 人员换手率
stock turnover 股票换手率
U
undertake v. 从事、同意做某事
undifferentiated marketing n. 无差异性营销策略
uneconomical adj. 不经济的，浪费
unemployment n. 失业
unemployment benefit n. 失业津贴
unit n. 单位
unit cost n. 单位成本
update v. 使现代化
up to date adj./adv. 流行的，现行的，时髦的
upgrade v. 升级，增加
upturn n. 使向上，使朝上
USP 唯一的销售计划
V
vacancy n. 空缺
vacant adj. 空缺的
value n./v. 价值，估价
valuation n. 价值
value-added n. 增加值
variable n. 可变物 variation n. 变化，变更
variety n. 多样化
a variety of 多种多样的
vary v. 改变，修改
VAT Value Added Tax 增值税
vendor n. 卖主(公司或个人)
venture n. 冒险，投机
venue n. 地点，集合地点
viable adj. 可行的
viability n. 可行性
vision n. 设想，公司的长期目标
vocation n. 行业，职业
vocational adj. 行业的，职业的
W
wage n. (周)工资
wage freeze n. 工资冻结
warehouse n. 仓库，货栈
wealth n. 财富，资源
wealthy adj. 富裕的，丰富的
welfare n. 福利
white-collar 白领阶层
white goods n. 如冰箱和洗衣机等用在厨房中的产品
wholesale n./adj./adv. 批发
wholesaler 批发商
*wind up v. 关闭公司
withdraw v. 拿走，收回，退出
withdrawal n. 拿走，收回，退出
wholesale n./a. 批发;批发的
wholesaler n. 批发商
work n. 工作
working conditions n. 工作条件
work-in-progress n. 工作过程
workload n. 工作量
work order n. (包括原料、半成品、成品的)全部存货总量
work station 工作位置
*working capital n. 营运资本，营运资金
write off v. 取消
write-off n. 债务的取消
Y
*yield n. 有效产量
Z
*zero defect n. 合格产品
*zero inventory n. 零存货
第三篇：BEC中级作文黄金句型
1. … the + -est + 名词 + (that)+ 主语 + have ever + seen / known / heard / read, etc. Eg. Lydia is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
IELTS is the hardest test that I have ever had.
2. Nothing is + -er than to + v Eg. Nothing is more important than to achieve a decent mark in IELTS.
Nothing is harder than to answer the questions effectively within 2 minutes.
Nothing is sadder than to fail in the test.
3. …. can’t emphasize the importance of … too much. (再怎么强调。。。的重要性也不为过) Eg. We can’t emphasize the importance of environmental protection too much.
We can’t emphasize the importance of spoken English too much.
4. I don’t mean to deny that + 主语 + v
(我不想/无意否认。。。) Eg. I don’t mean to deny that you did help me a lot. I don’t mean to deny that you are completely right to make that decision. 5. There is no doubt that + 句子 Eg. There is no doubt that he speaks decent English.
There is no doubt that taking this test is not an easy job for me.
毫无疑问能被牛津录取是我最大的梦想之一。
6. The greatest thing of … is that + 句子
The beauty of … is that + 句子
。。。。的优点是。。。。 Eg. The greatest thing of being a teacher is that you never stop learning.
The beauty of my job is that I have flexible working hours.
出国留学的优点是我能够离开父母的怀抱学会自己成长。
7. The reason why + 句子 + is that + 句子
That’s the reason why …
Eg, The reason why I love this book so much is that I can obtain a lot of knowledge from it.
8. What I am saying is that + 句子
Eg. What I am saying is that I really want to go to Oxford.
我想说我认为这个点子不怎么好。
9. By + v-ing, … can/be able to …
(凭借/依靠/通过，。。。能够。。。。) By summarizing this material, we can grasp the main idea of it. 通过几个月不眠不休通宵达旦的学习，我终于能够实现了我的梦想。
10. V-ing enable + 宾语 + to + v.
Eg. Watching English movies enable us to speak better English.
Jogging enables us to keep shape.
在实习期间多积累工作经验能够使得你将来轻松得找到一份好工作。
11. 主语 + have/has trouble + v-ing
我总是记不住这些英文单词。
我总是难以在2分钟内回答好这个问题。
12. Those who ….. Eg. Those who love to talk will be more likely to speak English well.
那些自暴自弃的人是无法成功的。
13. I can’t wait to + v.
14. I’m looking forward to + v-ing
15. It is (hardly) conceivable that + 句子
It is obvious / apparent that + 句子
Eg. It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
16. You probably won’t believe, but…
Eg. You probably won’t believe it, but it is a truth according to the statistics.
17. For the past + 时间，主语 + 现在完成时
Eg. For the past three months, I have been working on the IELTS.
18. It pays to + V. (。。。是值得的/会有回报的) Eg. It pays to help others.
每天坚持来上课是会有回报的。
19. be closely related to …. Eg. Taking exercises on a regular basis is closely related to health.
我能否被牛津录取与我的雅思分数息息相关
20. be supposed to + v.
21. Due to / Owing to / Thanks to + n./ v-ing
22. All I want ( to v.) is ……
Eg. All I want to do is to go back home. All I want is that you could think about it. 我所想的就是约你一下。
23. have a great influence on …
互联网对我们的思想和行为方式影响很大
24. do good to ; do harm to
读书对心灵有益
过度工作对健康有害。
25. pose a great threat to ……
Eg. Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
26. do one’s best / try one’s hardest to + v.
27. According to the statistics (recent survey),…
数据显示，在英国的国际学生中有将近一半来自中国。
28. on one hand…, and on the other hand….
29. It is not that + 句子，but + 句子
Eg. It is not that I don’t like the movie, but I don’t get it.
我并不是不想说好英语，而是我不知该如何去说。
30.A is to B what C is to D Eg. Exercise is to the body what thinking is to the brain.
31. …. What is said above….. Eg. From what is said above, we can draw a conclusion. As we learn from what is said above…….
32. what + be + called Eg. He is very interested in what are called popular songs. We should improve what is called the quality of living. 他就是你所谓的“活字典”
33. as for… = when it comes to…=talking about(英式)=speaking of(美式)
说起。。。，谈到。。。，至于。。。
e.g. When it comes to traffic, I have to say living in Shanghai is like an nightmare.
34. and the like = and stuff like that =and things like that e.g. I like suspense movies, action movies, romance and the like. 35. tend to … = most of
e.g. Chinese people are tend to be reserved and indirect while most Americans are more straightforward.
36. I think of / see … as …
e.g. I see myself as a brave and independent girl.
37. are more likely to …. e.g. Children are more likely to copy the violence and bad language in movies.
Your peers, are more likely to influence you on your immediate lifestyle, like how you dress and what you do for fun.
38. there’s no sense in… = it doesn’t make any sense = it is pointless to …
。。。没道理/无意义 政府实施这个举措是毫无意义的。
39. … is a luxury
。。。是一种奢望
e.g. Travelling around the world before the age of 30 is a luxury to people like me.
像住在上海北京这样的大城市里，想要拥有一个私家花园是一种奢望。
40. have a hard time doing sth.
e.g. Graduates this year are having a hard time finding a decent job because of the financial crisis.
第四篇：bec中级
教材：
1.学生用书(经济科学出版社)(基础)
2.4本真题(人民邮电出版社)(重中之重)
3.报名发的红本(重中之重是里面有一套题，很多人都忽略了)
4.中高级口语必备(蓝色封面，陈小慰主编)(很经典，想过口语得靠它)
5.同步辅导(里面有学生用书答案和解析，所以要和课本一起买)
6.教师用书(鸡肋，但里面有作文范文)
7.新东方·剑桥商务英语高级词汇精选(鸡肋，因为买了肯定刚开始坚持，慢慢就不背了，我至今背这本词汇还停留在C，不过如果有强人的话，背完了肯定对你做题有很大帮助)
写作部分，你还是按照真题上的练，什么memo,correspondence，这些都只是考试指标上的东西，真正考试的时候第一部分就是写一个小的email.第二部分基本上就是report.
真题上面的题型还是可以说蛮到位的。LZ 就不用特别在意，一些商务英语写作上的书就包涵很多什么推荐信啊，求职信啊，投诉信啊。但是考试很少碰到。下面是我写作的心得，复制自己的。
BEC当中，如果你不好好准备写作，那么久很吃亏。英语写作思维方式跟我们不太一样，尤其还是商务英语的写作。那么怎么才能写好呢?写作你主要是把句型记住，所谓句型，就是一些套话。不管是小写作还是大写作，每句都有各自的套话。你把4本真题的作文都看了，保证每天都写2编，我当时是一点都写不出，然后就看着答案，然后自己有点改动，把句子写成自己容易记住的句子，这样使句子好记住又不乏地道感。并且反复的练，每天都会有些，虽然有点麻烦，但是上手后，很简单。我去年考试的时候题目还跟真题的题目有类似情节。大，小作文都有。写的也很顺手，成绩单上是execellent. 所以你只要把真题的作文变成自己的作文就可以了，当然不是照抄那种，也不是死记硬背。把范文的句子写成自己容易记住的句子，在原句中增加或是舍掉一些自己总是忘掉或是写不好的个别单词，剑桥商务英语中写作部分也是重点,我觉得剑桥商务英语要想拿到高分,应该把需要注意的问题牢牢记在心里,考试时用这些条条框框的东西去套一下，就可以把错误及时纠正了。比如，尽量使用客观中立的用语，避免加入个人感情色彩;如果分析得出几个结论要拣最有把握的写;注意文章的时态，有时用现在时，有时用过去时，但一定要选择同一个时间基准……需要总结的东西很多，大家可以自己去体会。希望你准备考试的过程中努力，
注意：考生写作时，务必充分理解题目要求，明白写作者的身份，看懂并结合提供的信息。格式上不要一会儿英英单词一会儿美英单词，保证它的统一性。
没有固定的应试写作模板的，网上的模板也不适用于应付BEC考试的，所以这个LZ就不用纠结了，按我的方法可以做得很好。希望能帮到你。
第五篇：BEC中级战后总结
BEC中级战后总结(详细经验篇)
BEC中级战后总结
考完BEC已经有一段时间了，现在歇下来该好好地写个总结，毕竟这也算得上是一个不小的考试。
准备BEC的时间并不长，但还是有点心得在里面的。
确切的说真正认真好好复习的时间只有一个多星期，但是这一个多星期的时间里还是看了很多东西，我本身并不是学BEC相关专业的，而且还差的极远，但是备考BEC教会我很多实用的东西。
关于复习的安排我是这样进行的，下面写出来希望对后面的人会有所帮助。
先说说总体情况
开始接触BEC当然是先从词汇入手，我想这应该是每个参加英语考试的人都知道的。翻开BEC的词汇你会发现它并不难，单词也并不长，只是相对来讲比较专业，特别要注意的就是我们平时已经非常熟悉的词汇，在BEC的词表里完全换了一个意思。
早早的接触单词会对你后面看书和做题有很大的帮助。
所以打算考BEC的同志们，没事儿的时候就随手翻翻生词表吧，耽误不了你多长时间的，每天没事翻翻，几天下来你就能记住一多半。
当词汇掌握差不多的时候我就用了那本人民邮电出版的《商务英语学生用书》，同时还配有同步练习和课文辅导这两本，因为准备的比较急，所以除了书我用的都是电子版，但看起来不是那么方便，因此有条件的话还是买书的好。
这本书本人认为还是很有用的，里面一共有十个单元，每个单元有两课，每一课都会介绍一种相关的商务知识，里面会含有很多常用的商务词汇和商务表达，这个时候你之前背的单词就显得尤为重要了，而这也是一个查漏补缺的过程，你已经背过并知道的就可以一带而过，不知道的用心再记一下。
另外在每个单元中间间隔的地方都会有每个单元后的同步练习和考场真练，个人觉得同步练习没有什么用，因为不是按照考试题型来的，都是随便出的一些小练习，而且相对考试来说简单很多，但是考场真练那部分，建议好好做做，很有用，完全是按照考试的题型来出的。
当你基本上通过书了解了基础的商务知识以后，再拿出报名时人手一份的那本《考生手册》，逐条好好读读，下面要做的就是针对考试，逐一复习了。在那本考生手册上囊括初中高三部分内容，考中级的同学可以翻过初级，直接看中级，后面如果你有时间，建议你把高级的也看下(只看题)，我觉得很有帮助，因为中级和高级的题型是完全相同的，只是高级的干扰选项更多了，写作部分更长了而已，所以有时间还是建议做做高级的题，高级讲解部分可以不用看了。
对于中级建议看以下四部分内容：
1.考试范围：在准备考试之前你要知道那份你即将在考场上拿到的卷子里，都会涉及到那些商务知识和话题，所以先把考试范围浏览一遍，不用背下来，做到心里有数就可以了。
2.考试题型：中级考试分为四个部分，按照考试的顺序分别是：阅读、写作、听力、口语，前面三个部分一般是上午进行，口语在当天下午或者转天上午。你要知道每一个部分都考什么，评分标准是什么，做每一个部分的题都要掌握哪些技巧，关于各部分题型我后面会详细说一下。
3.真题样例：学生手册的题很宝贵，因为每个级别的题就那么一套，这个题的利用价值很高，因为是英国剑桥亲自编写的。所以这套题一定好好做，后面都有答案，但是有一个缺陷就是没有听力录音，所以听力部分只能先看看了解一下，不能做题。
4.作文范例：看过题之后，最后这本书上唯一有价值的就是作文的范例了，上面有从band0到band5的所有样例，我建议是最好只看band5的，别的都别看了，让你的脑子里只有最好的范文，这样形成一个思路，后面下笔就容易的多。
好了，这就是关于《学生手册》里主要看的内容，一定要好好重视这本书，因为这是你在考试前能够拿到的唯一一本考试真经。
好，下面进入正式复习阶段：
以下内容需要回复才能看到
在了解了商务知识，了解了题型，并且初步演练之后要做的就是逐个模块去攻克。
这时候手头准备的材料应该有新东方网络课堂和真题集，有很多人在用模拟题，我想说如果没买的同学就别买了，买了的最好也别做了，很耽误时间，那上面的题与真正考试的相差太远了，考试题比模拟难十倍都不夸张，所以过来人经验，模拟题完全没有参考价值。
关于新东方网络课堂，我个人建议好好看看，这个算是我觉得对考试帮助最大的，里面老师讲的都还是比较好的，每个部分剖析的都很全面。里面也都有配套的笔记，可以省去你自己写笔记的时间，它的重要性我相信只有看过的人才能理解。
对于真题集，目前市场上有第2辑，第3辑，第4辑，其实说实在的这三本里面的题也就第
4辑的和现在考试的难度接近些，因为2，3都是以前的真题，相对来讲简单些，特别是听力，BEC考试听力是出了名的难，最难的那套真题也没有近两年的考试听力难，所以听力还是大家自己下功夫吧，这部分没有值得参考的东西。
最后如果还要准备一份材料，那就是针对口语的有一本口语真题册，蓝皮的，名字我记不太清楚了，我当时因为时间紧就没有用，而且觉得自己的口语也还可以，就省去了这部分练习，考试的时候发现很多人都拿着那本书，而且考试题型跟那本书上的很像，所以担心口语的同学可以把这本书当做是真经。
当然除了上述说的那些练习，市面上还有其他的，只不过看起来都一般般，没有太大的使用价值。我记得当时我大概看了一下《商务英语中级考试30天突破》，这本书有时间的话可以看一下，有些东西或许对某些人有帮助，我当时时间紧就没怎么细看，就是花了一个小时都不到的时间随手翻了翻。
好了，接下来我就分块说一下BEC中级考试的具体情况。
阅读部分：
阅读是BEC考试里的第一项，一般考试都是上午九点开始，阅读部分的考试时间是一个小时，里面包括五部分内容，前两项是搭配题，后面三项分别是我们大家都熟悉的单选，完型和改错。
先说搭配题，前两个搭配题相比较而言，第一项相对简单些，这部分做题是有技巧的，至于具体如何去做，新东方讲的很详细，我就不在这里多说了，记住一个真理就是每个选项都选两次就对了。第二项的搭配题较难，也是BEC中级阅读最难的部分，这部分每年的得分率很低，但是如果时间允许，多分析分析还是可以攻克下来的，我考试出来后觉得自己的阅读部分只有这项做的不是很好。所以劝大家有时间还是要多练练，形成一种语感很重要。 至于后面三项因为都是大家很熟悉的项目，就没有什么太多的技巧了，四选一一般都不会很难，只要是找好定位读懂了就很容易选出答案，完型基本上都是词汇和词组的考察，与平时做的完型相反，虚词考察很少，基本都是实词，所以这里显示出词汇的重要性了，而改错则是基本上都是虚词的考察，改错比以前的简单在于错误都是多一个词，所以你只需要找出多出来的那个词就行了，一般有2-3个正确选项。
阅读的时间不是很紧，做完不成问题，有时间再好好检查，不要因粗心而丢掉分数。
写作部分：
这部分恐怕是BEC中级里面最简单的了，模式很固定，就那么几种，这部分又分为两个小部分，一个大作文一个小作文，小作文一般只让写三个要点，写40-50字的note或者memo，只要是把三个要点都写全了就没有什么问题。大作文近几年考的大部分都是report或者
proposal，极少的情况让写E-mail，大作文一般都有固定的模式，掌握好模板就很好写了。
这个的时间把握也还行，开始的时候我一直觉得时间很富裕，不紧不慢地写，到后来发现时间有点紧了，所以写作文的时候还是自己注意点时间，别像我似的前松后紧。
听力部分：
这部分是BEC里面最难的，我考听力的时候才发现竟然还是传统的录音机+卡带的形式，说实在的声音效果不是很好，而且BEC听力语速极快，近几年的题目也极难。
记得做真题的时候还觉得听力虽然难，但是还是可以应付得来，毕竟有送分的题，但是真正考试的时候才发现，哪里有送分的啊，每道题都要纠结一下才能够写出答案，不过也可能是自己练的太少的缘故，加上美音在脑子中的根深蒂固，所以听英音让我觉得极其不爽，觉得他们怎么就不能好好说话，哎……
看来想考BEC的同学，先多用BBC来洗洗自己的耳朵吧! 听力这项绝对不能突击，实力最重要!尤其是第二部分，是听力里面最难的，八选五，一个选错很可能导致别的就都跟着错了，所以如果出错是很得不偿失的。
口语部分：
我想很多人都很担心这项，其实直到考试的时候才发现，这个BEC的口语考试是一个纸老虎，表面看起来很恐怖，实际上没有什么，口语考试分为三个部分：conversation，presentation，discussion。第一部分就是老师问你问题，都是很基本的问题，我觉得准备一份英文的自我介绍就都搞定了，问的问题无非就是一些姓名，学校，专业，家庭，爱好什么的，然后老师一般都会问一些商务方面的一些问题，但也都是很简单的，我记得老师当初问我的就是愿不愿意自己成立一个公司然后自己做老板，我很干脆的回答不愿意，并且做了一大堆的解释，哈哈。第二个就是做一个简短的口语表达，一分钟准备一分钟说，但是到考试的时候没有人给你计算时间，一般准备的时间其实都不到一分钟，老师觉得差不多就说开始了，我当时准备的时候就是每个方面写三四句话，比如说广告的，说市场的，说销售的，说员工素质的，说成本利润的等等。因为考试的时候时间比较紧，这一项是给你三个话题让你自己选一个，所以一定要快速的看题，我每次基本上十五秒钟把三个题扫了一遍，然后迅速确定哪个比较好说，再把自己准备好的话题往上套，其实实际上我考试的时候，根本也没用自己准备的东西，因为话题都还是比较简单的，所以就随口说了。其实仔细看看那些话题会发现你都有的说，说是让你说一分钟，其实到真正考试的时候，老师也会不耐烦，我觉得我当时也就说了半分多就让我停了。所以这一项不用担心。
最后一项就是讨论部分了，这部分成败关键不是在于你自己，因为这是唯一一项和别人一起合作的口语考试，老师会给你一个卡片，上面有一堆文字，主要是先说一个商务背景，然后给两三个讨论的要点，这部分时间很紧，只有十五秒钟，看题+准备，这十五秒钟看题都看不完，更别提准备了。所以和你的partner提前培养默契是很有必要的。考试的时候一般都会提前分好组，你会和你的partner有很长的时间在一起准备，你们可以互相熟悉彼此的口音，也可以培养一下默契，还可以随便找个题练练，其实这部分你就把它当成是很简单的谈话就不会紧张了，考试的时候看着你的partner，别理老师也别看老师就不会紧张，老师都
很仁慈的，就算你们说着说着无话可说，老师看出来就会让你们停的。
总之，BEC口语老师都很nice，所以我们都不必紧张，而且由于口语有很多地方都是当地审核，不送到剑桥，所以一般都不会在口语上卡人的，大家请放心，记住一点，只要是你整个口语考试的过程中没有冷场，不停的说就不会通不过。
四部分基本上情况大致讲完了，具体的详细细节还是建议看新东方的网络课堂，很权威也很详细，会解答你心中很多的疑问，就算你的时间再紧别的都看不了也一定要看《学生手册》和新东方的网络课堂，这两个是我认为整个BEC里最重要的也是价值最高的了。
BEC是一个说难不难说简单也不是很简单的考试，只要是方法掌握对了不用复习多长时间也能通过，方法不对复习多久都过不了，所以复习BEC讲究的还是技巧，最后希望大家都能够顺利通过考试，不管以后从事这类或不从事这类职业，多一个这样的国际证书都是没有什么坏处的，起码向公司证明了你的英语能力和处理问题的应变能力，祝大家成功!